DRD2基因14个多态位点与鸡产蛋性状的相关性

本研究旨在分析DRD2基因与鸡产蛋性状的相关性,寻找可作为鸡产蛋性状的重要标记。在该基因上选取了14个多态位点,采用PCR-RFLP及PCR测序等方法在宁都三黄鸡母系644个个体中进行了鸡产蛋性状的关联分析。结果表明:位于该基因5′调控区的4个突变位点G-38560C、T-38326G、T-32751C和A-16105G与鸡的开产日龄显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01)相关,位点A-16105G还与300日龄总产蛋数显著相关(P0.05);由G-38560C、G-38544A、I-38463D与T-38326G这4个位点组成的单倍型块与开产日龄呈极显著相关(P=0.006 50.01)。研究结果提示:G-38560C、T-38326G、T-32751C和A-16105G这4个突变位点以及由G-38560C、G-38544A、I-38463D与T-38326G组成的单倍型块可作为产蛋性状标记辅助选择的有效分子标记。     

一串红品种（系）遗传多样性RADP分析

(农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室/北京农学院园林系,北京102206)     

兽药控/缓释剂的研究进展

本文系统地介绍了兽药控／缓释剂的特点、产生和国内外研究应用概况，分析了控／缓释剂亟待解决的问题，并对控／缓释剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs and the Critical Care Patient

As the management of critically ill and emergency patients intensifies and veterinary surgical procedures become more complex, more sophisticated methods of support are becoming necessary. Emergency and critical care patients are excellent candidates for the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. The main advantage of the current generation of neuromuscular blocking drugs compared to earlier agents is that they provide muscle relaxation with little or no cardiovascular effects. The pharmacology and physiology of neuromuscular blocking drugs are discussed, and their use is described with specific references to critical care patients. Monitoring techniques are described and reversal of neuromuscular blockade as well as potential side effects and adverse reactions arediscussed.     

The analgesic effects of intrathecal xylazine and detomidine in sheep and their antagonism with systemic atipamezole

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic and adverse side effects of intrathecal (IT) xylazine (XYL) and detomidine (DET) and the subsequent effects of two doses of intravenous (IV) atipamezole (ATI). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over. ANIMALS: Five adult healthy female sheep with mean body mass of 55 +/- 2.3 kg. Material and methods Each sheep underwent four treatments: 1) 50 microg kg(-1) XYL IT and 5 microg kg(-1) ATI IV, 2) 50 microg kg(-1) XYL IT and 2.5 microg kg(-1) ATI IV, 3) 10 microg kg(-1) DET IT and 5 microg kg(-1) ATI IV, 4) 10 microg kg(-1) DET IT and 2.5 microg kg(-1) ATI IV. Pain threshold (TH) was tested by applying pulsed and stepwise incremental direct current to the skin overlying the pastern. The current at the point of foot lift was recorded as the TH. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen (PO(2)) and carbon dioxide (PCO(2)) tensions were monitored. Outcomes were derived as differences between baseline assessment and measurements after treatment. Two-way anova was used to analyse drug effects, treatment differences between groups were examined with an F-test or Wilcoxon's rank sum test in case of non-parametric data distribution. p was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Both drugs increased the pain TH, caused small increases in PCO(2), and small decreases in HR, the latter was only significant for XYL recipients. Xylazine produced a significantly higher TH, more rapidly and for longer than DET. Atipamezole only significantly affected PaCO(2) in the XYL group 2. The pain TH was not affected in either group after IV ATI. CONCLUSIONS: At the doses used, IT XYL, and to a lesser extent DET, induced pastern analgesia. Atipamezole 5 microg kg(-1) IV antagonized some side effects without affecting analgesia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intrathecal XYL may be useful as an analgesic in sheep. Its safety is increased because IV ATI antagonizes side effects, but not analgesia.     

The effect of dosing interval on the efficacy of misoprostol in the prevention of aspirin-induced gastric injury

The effect of twice-daily administration of misoprostol on aspirin-induced gastric injury was evaluated. Twenty-four random-source dogs were divided into groups that received aspirin and misoprostol as follows: group I, aspirin 25 mg/kg PO q8h and placebo PO q8h; group II, aspirin 25 mg/kg PO q8h and misoprostol 3 microg/kg PO q8h; group III, aspirin 25 mg/kg PO q8h, misoprostol 3 microg/kg PO q12h, and placebo PO q24h; and group IV, aspirin 25 mg/kg PO q8h, misoprostol 3 microg/kg PO q24h, and placebo PO q12h for 28 days. Gastroscopy was performed on days -9, 5, 14, and 28. Visible lesions were scored on a scale of 1 (mucosal hemorrhage) to 11 (perforating ulcer). No difference in total score was identified between groups I and IV on any day. Median total scores for groups II and III were significantly (P < or = .05) lower compared to groups I and IV on day 5. Group III had a significantly lower score (P < or = .05) than groups I, II, and IV on day 28. This study suggests that misoprostol 3 microg/kg PO q12h is as effective as misoprostol 3 microg/kg PO q8h in preventing aspirin-induced gastric injury in this model. However, misoprostol 3 microg/ kg PO q8h was less effective in preventing aspirin-induced gastric injury on days 14 and 28 than in previous studies. No difference among numbers of dog-days of vomiting, diarrhea, or anorexia was detected among groups.     

南岭山地立地评价有关教学模型拟合方法的初步研究

本文探讨了用Marquardt迭代法拟合模型时应注意的3个问题;介绍了解决方差不等问题的方法;改进了互为自变量模型的拟合方法;最后论述了多形地位指数模型的拟合。     

A Review of Systemic Antifungal Agents

Résumé— Cet article est une revue des antifongiques systémiques communément utilisés. Sont présentés les origines des diverses substances, leur pharmacocinétique, leur mode d'action, leurs effets secondaires et enfin, leurs indications en médecine vétérinaire. [Hill, P.B., Moriello, K.A., Shaw, S.E. A review of systemic antifungal agents (Antifongiques systémiques: une revue).
Abstract— This paper is a review of commonly used systemic antifungal antibiotics. Included is a review of the origins of the drugs, pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary medicine.     

Respiratory and pulmonary haemodynamic changes during experimental organophosphate poisoning in goats

Five French Alpine goats received 2 mg kg^–1 of dichlorvos (DDVP) by intravenous injection and 0.15 mg kg^–1 of atropine sulphate 5–10 min later. Ventilatory mechanics, gas exchanges, pulmonary haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured before treatment, 5 min after DDVP injection and 5 min after atropine injection.Within 2 min of DDVP administration, all the goats showed acute respiratory distress, excitation and slight muscle fasciculations. A post-inspiratory pause was recorded in 3 goats. Hypersecretion of saliva or nasal discharge was not observed. Dynamic compliance and heart rate decreased significantly and total pulmonary resistance, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures increased significantly. On the other hand, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were not significantly altered by DDVP.Atropine treatment reversed all the clinical and functional parameters, with the exception of the central nervous and muscular signs, which disappeared within 12 h.It was concluded that experimental DDVP toxicosis induced changes in the mechanics of breathing and pulmonary haemodynamics associated with diffuse bronchoconstriction and cardiac insufficiency respectively.