超高效液相色谱技术在兽药分析领域应用的研究进展

超高效液相色谱技术是近年来迅速发展的基于小颗粒填料的液相色谱技术,具有快速、灵敏、准确、高效等众多优点,已成为药物检测和分析领域的研究热点之一。随着该技术的不断发展,其已在兽药研究开发和兽药残留检测等领域得到了较为广泛的应用。文章就超高液相色谱的技术特点及其实际应用进行综述,并对该项技术在未来兽药分析领域广阔的应用前景进行了展望。     

拉萨日光温室西瓜白粉病药剂试验初报

在拉萨地区的日光温室,用4种杀菌剂进行防治西瓜白粉病的药效对比试验。结果表明：经喷药两次,50％翠贝3000倍液的防效最高,达82．61％;60％世达瓜粉安1000倍液和20％铲锈除粉800倍液的防效分别为79．44％和79．29％;15％三唑酮500倍液的防效相对较低,为73．13％。     

Conidia of one Fusarium solani isolate from a soybean-production field enable to be virulent to soybean and make soybean seedlings wilted

Fusarium is usually thought to cause soybean root rot,which results in a large quantity of annual yield loss in soybean production,by its secretions including Fusarium toxins and cell wall degrading enzymes,but not by the conidia themselves that do not underlie any virulence so far.Here we report that the conidia of one Fusarium solani isolate are able to be virulent to soybean and make soybean seedlings wilted alone.We isolated them from the wilted plants in a soybean-production field and molecularly identified 17 Fusarium isolates through phylogenetic analysis.Of them,except for one isolate that showed diversity of virulence to different soybeans(virulent to one soybean whereas avirulent to another soybean),the others were all virulent to the two tested soybeans:both conidia cultures and secretions could make soybean seedlings wilted at 5 days post infection,and their virulence had dosage effects that only conidia cultures of at least 5×10~6 conidia mL~(-1) could show virulence to soybean;however,the sole conidia of the F.solani isolate #4 also exhibited virulence to soybean and could make soybean seedlings wilted.Finally,we developed the specific cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences(CAPS)markers to easily differentiate Fusarium isolates.The isolate #4 in this work will likely be used to investigate the new mechanism of virulence of Fusarium to soybean.     

硬枝杆插法用于桑树紫纹羽病的诊断和药剂防效鉴定的研究

采用硬枝扦插调查了桑紫纹羽病的发病过程、症状的发展、发病率、地上部外观表现、根部病症等 ,认为该方法诊断桑树紫纹羽病具有快速、简便、准确的特点 ,适用于药剂防治效果鉴定。选择 7种杀菌剂进行防治效果试验 ,调查根部菌丝着生情况 ,以五氯硝基苯的防治效果最好 ,平均防效达 81 4 % ,硫酸铜最差 ,平均防效为 34 2 % ,且 7种药物的防治效果都是灌根处理优于撒土处理。     

我国血吸虫病现状及治疗药物

分析解放以来全国血吸虫防治效果,流行特征及治疗药物现状,为制订防治措施提供科学依据。收集解放以来全国血吸虫疫情资料和监测数据以及治疗药物的效果,按血吸虫类型进行统计分析。全国血吸虫发病率从解放前的0.81/10万下降至2004年的0.14/10万,基本消除血吸虫地区无本地感染的病例报告,治疗药物也体现出很好的效果。     

不同水温联合用药中恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药代动力学及残留的影响

为比较水温对没食子酸与恩诺沙星联合用药后恩诺沙星在福瑞鲤体内的药代动力学及其残留消除规律的影响,采用对照试验,将福瑞鲤随机分为高温组(26±1)℃和低温组(20±1)℃,没食子酸与恩诺沙星按质量比10∶1配伍后单次混饲口灌给药,用量为体质量2 mg/kg(以恩诺沙星计),血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏各组织样品中的恩诺沙星含量经高效液相色谱法测定。数据经DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件的非房室模型统计矩方法分析。结果表明:恩诺沙星在血浆中高温组达峰时间T_(max)(0.75 h)早于低温组(4 h),且高温组达峰浓度C_(max)、药时曲线下面积AUC、表观分布容积Vz均大于低温组,分别为1.966 mg/L、130.122 mg/(L·h)、16.9 L/kg和1.610 mg/L、102.795 mg/(L·h)、3.186 L/kg。在鱼体肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏中的药物浓度均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。高温组各组织中的药物在达峰前均高于低温组相应组织含量,而达峰后,高温组较低温组消除更快。表明水温对与没食子酸联用后恩诺沙星的吸收、分布、消除代谢均有较大促进作用。