一株重配型H1N2猪流感病毒的进化分析及对小鼠的致病性

为了进一步了解我国辽宁省猪流感(SI)的流行情况及病原的进化规律,对2016年年末在辽宁省某生猪屠宰场进行SI病原学监测时分离到的一株H1N2亚型猪流感病毒(SIV)A/swine/Liaoning/FX575/2016(简称FX575)进行全基因组序列测定,通过对其8个基因片段的基因来源进行分析,确定基因型;构建系统进化树;分析相关分子特征;进一步以6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠为感染模型,通过测定感染后小鼠的体重变化和脏器病毒含量评估病毒的致病性。结果显示:FX575为一株三重重配型的H1N2病毒,遗传进化分析结果显示病毒的HA基因来自于欧亚类禽型H1N1(EA H1N1)分支的SIV,NA基因来自于北美三重配型H1N2分支的SIV,6个内部基因(PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M和NS)均来自于2009/H1N1分支的病毒。以10~6EID₅₀的剂量经鼻腔途径感染小鼠后,能够引起小鼠出现明显的体重下降,其中有1只小鼠在感染后第7天体重下降的比率超过25%,判为死亡;感染后第3天在小鼠肺及鼻甲骨中均检测到较高滴度的病毒,含量分别为4.82、4.20 log₁₀EID₅₀·mL^-1。结果表明SIV在不断流行的过程中,不同基因型病毒之间发生重组导致出现基因三重配的病毒,病毒对小鼠呈现中等致病力特征,提示应进一步加强对SI的主动监测,从而降低病毒对兽医及公共卫生学风险。     

鸭坦布苏病毒病研究进展

鸭坦布苏病毒病(Duck tembusu virus disease)自2010年暴发以来,众多科研工作者对于该病毒的病原学、病理学、致病机理、防治措施等方面进行研究,并取得丰硕的成果。本文针对鸭坦布苏病毒病的病原学、病理学、致病机理、防治措施等方面进行综述。     

2型猪链球菌病

猪链球菌能引起猪脑膜炎、心内膜炎、关节炎、肺炎和败血症等,并可以感染人,是一种重要的人畜共患病病原。该菌有35个血清型,其中2型流行最广、致病性最强。本文就2型猪链球菌病的病原、流行病学、致病机理、检测技术及免疫预防等各方面情况作一综述。     

利用gusA基因在水稻组织中示踪和定量水稻白叶枯病菌的方法

 水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo)从自然孔口水孔或者伤口处侵入水稻叶片,在维管束中定殖、繁殖和扩展,引起典型的叶枯症状。可视化这个动态的病程过程和快速定量水稻组织中细菌的群体是Xoo-水稻互作研究中亟待突破的技术难点。本研究在PXO99^A菌株中表达gusA基因,将其置于lacZ启动子、hrpX启动子和不含有(T₁)₄终止子的hrpX启动子下,构建了3个示踪菌株PXO99^A_GUSRBS、PXO99^A_GUSX和PXO99^A_GUSX-。水稻上毒性测定结果显示,这3个示踪菌株与野生型PXO99^A展现相同的毒性。利用示踪菌株,通过注射接种法,能够观察到Xoo在水稻维管束中定殖和扩展的动态变化;通过喷雾接种法,能够观察到Xoo从叶尖或者叶缘侵入水稻叶片引起发病的特性;发现PXO99^A_GUSX和PXO99^A_GUSX-比PXO99^A_GUSRBS能够更加灵敏地反映这些病程。同时发现,PXO99^A_GUSRBS的细菌数量与受其侵染的水稻组织的GUS活性显著正相关。本研究也评价了利用GUS活性测定法精确和快速地定量水稻组织中细菌群体的可行性。以上结果表明这套GUS系统是非常有效的,能够示踪病原菌的侵染过程和监测细菌在水稻组织中的群体数量,这将为Xoo-水稻互作研究提供有力的技术支持。     

Potential Anti-HPV and Related Cancer Agents from Marine Resources: An Overview

Recently, the studies on the prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) which is closely related to the cervical cancer and other genital diseases are attracting more and more attention all over the world. Marine-derived polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds have been shown to possess a variety of anti-HPV and related cancer activities. This paper will review the recent progress in research on the potential anti-HPV and related cancer agents from marine resources. In particular, it will provide an update on the anti-HPV actions of heparinoid polysaccharides and bioactive compounds present in marine organisms, as well as the therapeutic vaccines relating to marine organisms. In addition, the possible mechanisms of anti-HPV actions of marine bioactive compounds and their potential for therapeutic application will also be summarized in detail.     

奶牛酮病发病原因及其对生产性能影响调查分析

探索奶牛酮病发病原因、发病规律及其对生产性能的影响,对986头围产期奶牛进行跟踪调查分析。结果表明,奶牛酮病发病率为31.74%,死亡率为4.15%;秋季发病率最高,可达37.4%,其次是冬季和夏季,春季发病率最低;随着胎次、年龄和产乳量的增加,奶牛酮病的发病率明显增高;在第1个泌乳月奶牛酮病的发病率最高,可达50.43%;日粮种类和微量元素越少,奶牛酮病就越容易发生;奶牛发病后受胎率明显降低;发病后产乳量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质比发病前均明显降低,差异显著（P〈0.05）。奶牛酮病发病具有一定的规律性,且可降低奶牛的繁殖性能、产奶量和乳品质。     

Experimental early pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in red tilapia Oreochromis spp.

Streptococcus agalactiae causes a severe systemic disease in fish, and the routes of entry are still ill‐defined. To address this issue, two groups of 33 red tilapia Oreochromis spp. each of 10 g were orally infected with S. agalactiae (n = 30), and by immersion (n = 30), six individuals were control‐uninfected fish. Three tilapias were killed at each time point from 30 min to 96 h post‐inoculation (pi); controls were killed at 96 h. Samples from most tissues were examined by haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), indirect immunoperoxidase (IPI) and periodic acid‐Schiff; only intestine from fish infected by gavage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The results of both experiments suggest that the main entry site of S. agalactiae in tilapia is the gastrointestinal epithelium; mucus seems to play an important defensive role, and environmental conditions may be an important predisposing factor for the infection.     

兔病毒性出血症发病机理的初步研究

兔病毒性出血症是兔的一种败血性传染病,通过电镜观察和免疫胶体金-银法的监测,病毒最先侵害的靶器官是肝、脾和肺,然后到达全身血流,最后分布到其它器官。发现动物在感染后18～24小时,在肝、脾、肺、肾和肠上皮细胞、血管壁内皮细胞、循环的中性白细胞、淋巴细胞及肥大细胞的核内有病毒颗粒,其直径为32～34nm,无囊膜。感染后24小时直到死亡前,大部分病毒颗粒被释放到细胞浆和间质中去。初步认为本病是由于病毒血症对各器官的直接损伤,尤其对血管壁的损伤,导致全身弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)及全身性出血。由于血液的丧失,继而使全身各器官发生缺氧,最终引起生命重要器官的功能衰竭而死亡。