黄瓜分子标记研究进展

从亲缘关系及遗传多样性、分子遗传图谱构建、基因定位以及分子标记辅助选择等4个方面对近年来在黄瓜分子标记研究工作取得的进展进行了综述,同时探讨了今后发展方向。     

甜菜离子注入诱变早熟突变体的RAPD分子标记筛选

以离子注入诱变技术获得的甜菜早熟突变体W11和未做诱变处理的7208为对照材料,提取DNA并进行RAPD分析,选取800条RAPD随机引物对W11和7208进行扩增,结果表明,W11?208之间在DNA水平上存在差异.从800条随机引物中筛选到45条在W11和7208中存在差异, 存在差异的引物占所用引物数的5.6;,表明W11和7208种的相似性很高.该研究利用W11和 7208做亲本构建分子标记作图群体,进而定位早熟性状基因或QTL奠定了基础.     

铰链式模袋混凝土沉排技术在北杜控导工程中的应用

黄河北杜控导护岸工程,改变了传统的结构形式,采用了模袋混凝土沉排护底,确定冲刷坑深度为９ｍ,根据结构和稳定性分析计算,确定护底宽度为１８．０ｍ,其中锚固长度为４．０ｍ。这种新材料,新结构用于黄河控异工程中,可适应河床冲刷变形,运用中不抢险或少抢险,减轻了抗洪抢险的负担。     

双原子分子的吸附公式

本文应用量子论讨论了双原子分子的能级,得出了在吸附中能量的变化。又利用玻尔兹曼统计分布理论,导出吸附的公式。计算出参数b就可以画出吸附曲线。从而得出在不同温度t的情况下。分子内部能级的变化。     

AHV-PI attenuates endothelial cell injury induced by LPS

AIM:To investigate the effect of platelet inhibitor from Agkistrodon halys venom (AHV-PI) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury in vitro, and to explore its mechanism. METHODS:Cultured HUVECs were induced inflammatory injury by LPS (1 mg/L). The experiment was divided into blank control group, LPS group, AHV-PI group and AHV-PI+LPS group. The viability of HUVECs was measured by MTT assay. The morphological changes of HUVECs were observed under inverted microscope. The optimum concentration of AHV-PI at 5 mg/L was selected. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis of HUVECs. Immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator indhibitor-1 (PAI-1) of HUVECs. ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tissue factor (TF) in the supernatant. The activation and translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 were observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS:The HUVECs were spindle shaped, the ratio of length to width was increased, the cells were fibroblast-like, and granular substance appeared in the cytoplasm in LPS group. The viability and morphological changes of HUVECs were not significantly affected as treated with AHV-PI at concentration of 0~5 mg/L, but the viability of HUVECs induced by LPS was inhibited and the morphological changes were alleviated. Compared with the blank control group, the levels of TF and ICAM-1 in the supernatant increased, and the expression of t-PA and PAI-1 in the HUVECs was decreased in LPS group. Compared with the LPS group, the contents of TF and ICAM-1 in the supernatant were significantly decreased, the expression of t-PA and PAI-1 in the HUVECs was increased and the expression of nucleus NF-κB p65 was decreased in AHV-PI+LPS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:AHV-PI reduces HUVECs damage. The protective mechanism is related to the inhibition of cytokine secretion and NF-κB activation.     

桑黄子实体多糖提取工艺及单糖组成研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验,从提取温度、料液比、提取次数、提取时间4个方面研究桑黄子实体多糖提取条件,得出最佳条件为:提取温度95℃,料液比1∶50,提取次数2次,提取时间2h。运用薄层色谱和气相色谱分析单糖组成,日本桑黄子实体多糖的单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖;韩国桑黄子实体多糖的单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖。     

群体感应分子——法尼醇与白色念珠菌的相互作用

群体感应最早在细菌中发现,近年来也陆续发现存在于真菌中。群体感应中的关键信号分子被称为群体感应分子,是由微生物自身所分泌、感知、响应并作用于其自身,在引起反应的浓度时对其自身没有毒性的一类物质。法尼醇是白色念珠菌的群体感应分子,影响白色念珠菌的耐药性、菌丝形成、黏附力和凋亡;影响白色念珠菌宿主机体的免疫及宿主细胞的凋亡。此外,白色念珠菌对法尼醇具有高于其他真菌的耐受性,但这种机制尚不明确。目前对群体感应分子法尼醇的作用机制缺乏了解,本文就群体感应分子法尼醇与白色念珠菌之间的相互作用展开综述。     

dsDNA噬菌体裂解系统作用机制的研究进展

噬菌体作抗生素替代物用于动物生产,已被逐步认可和积极评价。将噬菌体应用于抗菌,主要是应用其裂解作用。为更科学地研发和应用噬菌体,本文综述了应用较普遍的dsDNA噬菌体近年来相关裂解机制的研究。目前发现,绝大多数dsDNA噬菌体均采用"穿孔素-内溶素"裂解系统,其主要由穿孔素和内溶素组成,分别破坏细菌细胞膜和肽聚糖层,致使细菌被裂解;而对革兰阴性菌的裂解,还需膜融合蛋白的参与。此外,还存在一种"针穿孔素-SAR内溶素"裂解系统,其主要由针穿孔素、信号锚定释放内溶素和膜融合蛋白组成,作用机制与上述裂解系统存在明显差异。本文为开发和应用噬菌体及其裂解相关蛋白提供了理论基础。     

Evaluation of chlorothalonil and paraffinic oil alone and in combinations with registered fungicides for the control of yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola) of bananas in Northern Queensland,Australia

The efficacy of chlorothalonil and paraffinic oil alone and in combinations with the registered fungicides propiconazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole and pyrimethanil was evaluated in a field experiment over two cropping cycles in 2013 and 2014 in Northern Queensland, Australia, for control of yellow Sigatoka (caused by Mycosphaerella musicola) of banana. The predominantly applied by the banana industry treatment mancozeb with paraffinic oil was included for comparison. The results from the two cropping cycles suggested that all chemicals used with paraffinic oil were as effective or more effective than when applied with chlorothalonil, and chlorothalonil alone. Difenoconazole and epoxiconazole with paraffinic oil followed by propiconazole with paraffinic oil were the most effective treatments. Pyrimethanil and tebuconazole plus chlorothalonil were the least effective treatments. None of the chemical treatments was phytotoxic or reduced yield.     

基于价值链理论的精准农业技术构成

提出了运用价值链理论分析农业生产增值环节的基本思路。在分析精准农业技术应用过程中遇到的诸如设备昂贵、技术缺乏、地块偏小、风险偏大和基础设施不健全等矛盾的基础上,构建了以信息网络技术为依托的囊括产前、产中、产后等环节的精准农业价值链模型。在遵循市场需求和实用性原则的前提下,提出了以高级技术引导、特色技术示范和初级技术为推广重点,辅以完善的基础设施技术和先进管理技术的精准农业技术构成体系,以促进农民增收和农业增效为目的,加快我国精准农业技术"本地化"的步伐,使传统农业逐步向现代农业转变。