Iron oxide‐humic acid coprecipitates as iron source for cucumber plants

In soil, iron (Fe) solubility depends on complex interactions between Fe minerals and organic matter, but very little is known about plant availability of Fe present in Fe oxides associated with humic substances. For this purpose, this study investigates the effect of Fe mineral crystallinity in the presence of humic acids (HA) on Fe availability to plants. Four Fe–HA mineral coprecipitates were prepared, either in the presence or absence of oxygen, i.e., two goethite (G)‐HA samples containing large amounts of Fe as nanocrystalline goethite and ferrihydrite mixed phases, and two magnetite (M)‐HA samples containing crystalline magnetite. Bioavailability studies were conducted in hydroponic systems on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under Fe deficient conditions and supplied with the Fe–HA coprecipitates containing goethite or magnetite. Results showed that plants grown in the presence of Fe–HA coprecipitates exhibited a complete recovery from Fe deficiency, albeit less efficiently than plants resupplied with Fe‐chelate fertilizer used as control (Fe‐diethylene triamine penta acetic acid, Fe‐DTPA). However, the supply with either G‐ or M–HA coprecipitates produced different effects on plants: G–HA‐treated plants showed a higher Fe content in leaves, while M–HA‐treated plants displayed a higher leaf biomass and SPAD (Soil–Plant Analysis Development) index recovery, as compared to Fe‐DTPA. The distribution of macronutrients in the leaves, as imaged by micro X‐ray fluorescence (µXRF) spectroscopy, was different in G–HA and M–HA‐treated plants. In particular, plants supplied with the poorly crystalline G–HA coprecipitate with a lower Fe/HA ratio showed features more similar to those of fully recovered plants (supplied with Fe‐DTPA). These results highlight the importance of mineral crystallinity of Fe–HA coprecipitates on Fe bioavailability and Fe uptake in hydroponic experiments. In addition, the present data demonstrate that cucumber plants can efficiently mobilize Fe, even from goethite and ferrihydrite mixed phases and magnetite, which are usually considered unavailable for plant nutrition.     

固体脂质纳米增强抗菌药物对胞内金黄色葡萄球菌活性的研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌导致的乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖业最严重的疾病之一。抗菌药在胞内极易排出或失活,导致奶牛金黄色葡萄球菌乳房炎治疗效果差且容易复发。纳米粒子具有在巨噬细胞和上皮细胞等多种细胞中积累的能力,可提高药物在胞内的浓度和胞内停留时间,这使得它们可用于治疗细胞内感染。本文对固体脂质纳米抗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的研究进展进行综述,以指导和推动固体脂质纳米在治疗金黄色葡萄球菌乳腺炎方面的应用。     

SiO2纳米颗粒对猪粪好氧堆肥过程中重金属形态分布和细菌群落的影响

以猪粪和秸秆为原料, SiO₂纳米颗粒（SiO₂NPs）为添加剂,研究添加4 个浓度梯度下（0、0.5、1.0和2.0 g/kg）SiO₂NPs对好氧堆肥过程中腐熟度指标、重金属总量和形态分布规律以及细菌群落的影响,并探讨影响重金属生物利用度的因素。结果表明,添加SiO₂NPs提高堆体温度并延长堆肥高温期。与堆肥前相比,堆肥后的pH显著升高,而电导率和C/N显著降低。种子发芽指数由堆肥前的50%升高到堆肥后的163%~182%。添加SiO₂NPs有利于重金属组分由生物可利用形态（可交换态和可还原态）向稳定形态（可氧化态和残渣态）转化,Cu和Zn的钝化效率可分别达到65.10%~83.89%和6.62%~27.93%,极显著高于CK处理（分别为52.09%和1.83%,P<0.01）。添加SiO₂NPs增加嗜热菌科的丰度,提高总细菌的多样性和丰富度。与Cu相关的优势细菌门为厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）,与Zn相关的被鉴定为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。偏最小二乘路径模型分析表明Cu的生物利用度受环境因素（C/N和电导率）和细菌的交互作用,而Zn的生物利用度受细菌和温度的直接影响。     

不同亚铁矿物对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的表面吸附特征及机制比较研究

为探明稻田土壤还原条件下不同亚铁矿物对砷的修复潜力,本研究对比研究了磁铁矿、菱铁矿、黄铁矿三种亚铁矿物在不同 pH 条件下（pH 3.00、5.00、7.00）对 As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附特征,并以电位滴定法探究了导致三种亚铁矿物吸持 As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）能力差异的表面电荷性质。等温吸附平衡实验结果表明,Langmuir模型能较好描述三种亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附过程。弱酸条件（pH=5.00）下,亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附容量依次为：磁铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：23.38 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：71.33 mg·g^-1] >菱铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：11.63 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：21.69 mg·g^-1]>黄铁矿[As（Ⅲ）：10.72 mg·g^-1,As（Ⅴ）：7.75 mg·g^-1],在弱酸性（pH=5.00）条件下三种矿物中磁铁矿对As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）吸附容量最高。在中性（pH=7.00）条件下黄铁矿对As（Ⅲ）、菱铁矿对As（Ⅴ）吸附容量相对较高。供试pH条件下磁铁矿、菱铁矿对As（Ⅲ）的吸附强度较高,黄铁矿则对As（Ⅴ）的吸附强度较高。电位滴定实验测得亚铁矿物的电荷零点和总可变电荷量依次为：磁铁矿（pH 9.76;1.025 mol·g^-1）>菱铁矿（pH 7.52;0.240 mol·g^-1）>黄铁矿（pH 4.03;0.084 mol·g^-1）,表面活性位点密度依次为：黄铁矿（90.59 site·nm^-2）>菱铁矿（42.77 site·nm^-2）>磁铁矿（7.94 site·nm^-2）,亚铁矿物对As（Ⅲ）、As（Ⅴ）的吸附容量受溶液pH、总可变电荷量及其电荷零点影响。非专性吸附和专性吸附是磁铁矿和菱铁矿吸附As的主要方式,而黄铁矿则以专性吸附为主。研究表明,不同pH条件下不同亚铁矿物对稻田土壤砷的修复潜力不同,酸性条件下磁铁矿对As（Ⅲ）和As（Ⅴ）有较好修复潜力,中性条件下黄铁矿对As（Ⅲ）、菱铁矿对As（Ⅴ）有较好修复潜力。     

A rapid,simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with silica nanoparticles for serotype identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An agglutination test based on colored silica nanoparticles (colored SiNps) was established to detect serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monodisperse colored SiNps were used as agglutination test carriers. The colored SiNps were prepared through reverse microemulsion with reactive dyes, sensitized with 11 kinds of mono-specific antibodies against P. aeruginosa, and denoted as IgG-colored SiNps. Eleven kinds of IgG-colored SiNps were individually mixed with P. aeruginosa on a glass slide. Different serotypes of P. aeruginosa could be identified by agglutination test with evident agglutination. The P. aeruginosa could be detected in a range from 3.6 × 10⁵ to 3.6 × 10¹² cfu mL^?1. This new agglutination test was confirmed to be a specific, sensitive, fast, easy-to-perform, and cost-efficient tool for the routine diagnosis of P. aeruginosa.     

美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒对免疫力低下小鼠的免疫调节作用

研究美洲大蠊(俗称蟑螂)提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的改善作用。制备美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒,并建立免疫功能低下小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为正常对照组和模型组(灌胃生理盐水,0.2mL/10g),辅料组(灌胃空白纳米粒,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),阳性对照组(灌胃左旋咪唑,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),CⅡ-3组(灌胃美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3,40mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),CⅡ-3纳米粒5个剂量组(灌胃美洲大蠊提取物CⅡ-3纳米粒10、20、40、80、160mg/kg,0.2mL/10g),各组连续给药15d后,检测小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞、血小板;脏器指数;巨噬细胞吞噬功能;血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM的含量。研究结果显示,CⅡ-3纳米粒各剂量组均可以显著提高免疫低下小鼠的白细胞数量(P<0.05);能显著提高免疫力低下小鼠的肝脏、脾脏和胸腺指数(P<0.01);可显著提高其巨噬细胞吞噬能力(P<0.05)和免疫力低下小鼠血清中IgG、IgM的含量(P<0.01),说明CⅡ-3纳米粒有改善免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

The effect of copper nanoparticles and copper (II) salt on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing different levels of Cu in two different chemical forms (carbonate and nanoparticles) on redox reactions and epigenetic changes in a rat model. For 4 weeks, five experimental groups (eight rats in each) were fed diets with two dosages of added Cu (standard—6.5 mg/kg or half of the standard dosage—3.25 mg/kg, and as a negative control no additional Cu in the mineral mixture) in two forms (standard—CuCO₃ and copper nanoparticles). Addition of Cu nanoparticles resulted in higher Cp (ceruloplasmin) activity and LOOH (lipid peroxides) and MDA (malondialdehyde) content, as well as decrease the CAT (catalase) activity and level of PC (protein carbonyl), 3‐NT (3‐nitrotyrosine), 8‐OHdG (8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine), GSH + GSSG (total glutathione) and DNA methylation. Reducing the dose of copper resulted in a decrease in the level of LOOH and GSH + GSSG as well as CAT activity, but increased the level of PC and methylated DNA. Based on these evidence, we concluded that addition of copper nanoparticles in the diet reduces protein oxidation and nitration as well as DNA oxidation and methylation. Lowering the level of Cu in the diet increases the oxidation of proteins and DNA methylation.     

Using Chlorella vulgaris and iron oxide nanoparticles in a designed bioreactor for aquaculture effluents purification

Aquaculture operations produce high volumes of wastewater containing suspended solids and nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Treatment of water effluent from fish production ponds is essential for sustain environment. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate simultaneous use of microalgae and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) to purify aquaculture effluents within a designed bioreactor. For designing experiment, effluent samples were collected from fish farms in Sari, Iran. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared from Iranian Nano Pishgaman Company. Chlorella vulgaris was captured from the environment, then purified and cultured in the laboratory. After that, NP and microalgae were transferred to the reactor space. TSS (total suspended solid), TDS (total dissolved solid), BOD (biological oxygen demand), pH (power of hydrogen), EC (electrical conductivity), NO₃ (nitrates), NO₂ (nitrite), NH₄, (ammonium) and PO₄ (phosphates) were measured during the experiment period which NH₄ (93.67 %), NO₃ (92.23 %), NO₂ (89.3 %), and PO₄ (89.25 %) showed the highest reduction percentage, respectively. Also, significant differences among the calculated parameters (except for pH) were observed during the experiment (P < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the simultaneous use of microalgae and nanoparticles is desirable for purification of aquaculture wastewaters.     

原位合成纳米金/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测水和土壤中痕量铅

为提高痕量铅的检测精度,提出了一种简单、可控的一步还原法在裸玻碳电极表面原位合成纳米金/石墨烯材料的方法,并通过循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)对修饰电极进行电化学表征。利用修饰后的电极对醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中的铅离子(Pb(Ⅱ))标准样品进行检测,并对检测条件进行了优化。优化条件下的试验结果表明,在pH值为4.5的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰为-0.08 V,在1～90μg/L范围内Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰电流与Pb(Ⅱ)浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系(R~2=0.985),最小检测下限为0.27μg/L。在优化后的条件下采用该电极测定了实际水样与土壤中的Pb(Ⅱ)含量,加标回收率区间分别为93.75%～109.20%和93.82%～109.9%,相对标准偏差均小于7%,可以用于对实际水样与土壤样本的检测。     

基于核酸适配体的阳离子聚合物聚集纳米金比色法检测水中睾酮

利用核酸适配体对睾酮特异性识别功能以及阳离子聚合物PDDA(poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride,PDDA)聚集纳米金特性,建立了一种高灵敏度、高特异性测定睾酮的定量方法。在最优实验条件[10 mmol/L PB缓冲溶液(pH 7.4),孵育温度25℃,6nmol/L PDDA,6nmol/L睾酮核酸适配体]下,体系吸光度比值A_(650)/A_(520)与睾酮浓度C呈良好的线性关系,决定系数R2为0.995。该方法可检测睾酮浓度范围为2.27nmol/L~1.8μmol/L,最低检测限为2.27nmol/L,将本方法应用于检测自来水睾酮含量,加标回收率为99.81%~105.04%。本方法具有检测范围广、成本低、操作简便、检测灵敏等优点,具有良好实际应用前景。