纳米载铜蒙脱石对肉鸡生长、肠黏膜形态和消化酶活性的影响

取1日龄AA商品代混合雏鸡240只，随机分为对照组、CMN—Ⅰ组和CMN—Ⅱ组，分别饲喂添加0g／kg、1g／kg和2g／kg纳米栽铜蒙脱石（CMN）的玉米-豆粕型日粮42d。笼养，24h光照，自由采食和饮水。结果表明，CMN—Ⅰ和CMN—Ⅱ组肉鸡的体增重和饲料利用效率显著高于对照组，但CMN—Ⅰ组和CMN—Ⅱ组之间无差异显著性。小肠黏膜绒毛高度和隐窝深度微测结果显示，CMN—Ⅰ和CMN—Ⅱ组小肠黏膜形态要明显优于对照组。此外，日粮中添加1～2g／kg的CMN，肉鸡小肠黏膜麦芽糖酶、氨基肽酶N和碱性磷酸酶的活性明显升高，小肠内容物消化酶也有升高的趋势。由此可见，CMN能改善小肠黏膜形态，提高肠黏膜和内容物中消化酶的活性，进而促进饲料养分的消化与吸收，有益于内鸡生长和饲料效率的改善。     

Maternal exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles is associated with ferroptosis in the brain: A chicken embryo model analysis

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death associated with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. We used a chicken embryo model to investigate if ferroptosis was implicated in the molecular mechanism underlying the potential effects of maternal exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the developing brain. One hundred and eighty fertilized eggs were randomly divided into six groups (30 eggs/group; 10 eggs/replicate). Groups I and II received maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) NPs (MGMNPs), while groups III and IV received magnetite (Fe₃O₄) NPs (MGTNPs). Both MGMNP and MGTNP were administrated at the concentrations of 100 and 250 ppm. One group (placebo) received saline, and the other remained untreated (control). The compounds were given by in ovo method (0.3 ml/egg) only once on the first day of the embryonic period. Samples from cerebral tissue were collected on day 20 for histopathological, biochemical and gene expression analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased; glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression and activity decreased in IONPs-treated groups. Ferroptotic cells appeared in the cerebral tissue following exposure to the low dose of MGMNP and MGTNP. Oxidative stress and ferroptotic cells were more evident for MGMNP compared to MGTNP. The low dose of MGMNP and MGTNP induced more severe oxidative stress in the cerebral tissue. According to the results, maternal exposure to IONPs is associated with ferroptosis in the brain. This work could encourage future researches to investigate inhibitors of ferroptosis as a protective strategy against iron-induced cell injuries and cell death.     

Growth performance,tissue precipitation,metallothionein and cytokine transcript expression and economics in response to different dietary zinc sources in growing rabbits

The impact of different dietary zinc sources on the growth, serum metabolites, tissue zinc content, economics and relative expression of cytokine and metallothionein genes was evaluated in this study. A total of 120 35-day-old male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups with 10 replicates per group and 3 animals per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet with a Zn-free vitamin–mineral premix; the other three groups received control basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg level with zinc oxide (ZnO; as inorganic source), Zn-methionine (Zn-Met; as organic source) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO). The results indicated that Zn-Met and nano-ZnO groups significantly improved body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility, as well as decreased mortality, compared to ZnO and control groups. Zn-Met and nano-ZnO significantly reduced serum total cholesterol but did not affect serum proteins and liver function. Nano-ZnO supplemented group also recorded the highest value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and lysozymes compared to other groups. Nano-ZnO supplementation had increased hepatic Zn and Cu content and decreased faecal Zn content. Also nano-ZnO group recorded higher expression levels of genes encoding for metallothionein I and metallothionein II, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ in the liver of rabbits. The findings of this study demonstrated zinc nanoparticles, and organic zinc supplementation had improved growth performance and health status of growing rabbits than inorganic zinc oxide.     

一株还原制备纳米银的细菌菌株zxw01的分离鉴定

在不同浓度硝酸银条件下的富集和驯化,从东北林业大学林场土壤中驯化和分离出1株能还原制备纳米银的细菌菌株zxw01。菌体形态、生理生化反应特性等分析结果,该菌与解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌属是一个族群,同源性达99%以上,为解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyqueciens)。X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和热重分析表明,用含硝酸银的菌株zxw01的培养液成功制备了纳米银,具有较好的分散性,呈球形或近球形,粒径为2~18 nm,镉纳米银产率为80.6%。     

纳米Ag在四种不同性质土壤上的吸附行为研究

纳米Ag的大量生产和使用增加了其进入土壤环境的风险, 其在土壤中的环境行为受纳米Ag胶体稳定性和土壤理化性质的影响。为探究纳米Ag颗粒在土壤上的吸附行为, 选取四种不同理化性质的土壤, 考察了土壤pH、有机质和二价阳离子Ca²⁺对纳米Ag在土壤上吸附的影响。结果表明, 纳米Ag在酸性土壤的吸附量高于中性土壤, 当土壤酸碱性相似时土壤有机质含量越高纳米Ag在其表面的吸附量越高, 纳米Ag在四种土壤上的吸附等温线都能较好地利用Freundlich方程进行拟合;Ca²⁺的存在均增加了纳米Ag在四种土壤上的吸附量, Ca²⁺浓度在0.1~10 mmol·L^-1范围内, 纳米Ag在中性土壤上的吸附量随Ca²⁺浓度的增加而增加, 而在酸性土壤上则随着Ca²⁺浓度的增加, 出现先增加后减小的趋势。这一结果有助于了解纳米银在不同性质土壤上的吸附行为, 为评价纳米Ag在环境中的毒性和生态风险提供了有用信息。     

Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice

The study was conducted to investigate the promoted immune response to ovalbumin in mice by chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and its toxicity. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when mice were administered subcutaneously twice with a dose of 1.5 mg at 7-day intervals. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were immunized subcutaneously with 25 μg ovalbumin (OVA) alone or with 25 μg OVA dissolved in saline containing Quil A (10 μg), chitosan (CS) (50 μg) or CNP (12.5, 50 or 200 μg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks after the secondary immunization, serum OVA-specific antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and production and mRNA expression of cytokines from splenocytes were measured. The serum OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers and Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation were significantly enhanced by CNP (P < 0.05) as compared with OVA and CS groups. CNP also significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokines and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in splenocytes from the immunized mice compared with OVA and CS groups. Besides, CNP remarkably increased the killing activities of NK cells activity (P < 0.05). The results suggested that CNP had a strong potential to increase both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 response, and that CNP may be a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for a wide spectrum of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.     

ZnO纳米颗粒对活性污泥脱氮效果及硝化细菌丰度的影响

【目的】研究ZnO纳米颗粒对活性污泥脱氮效果及硝化细菌丰度的影响,以揭示ZnO纳米颗粒对活性污泥脱氮系统的影响机制。【方法】向模拟的4LSBR反应器内投加1,10,20mg/L ZnO纳米颗粒悬液,以未投加ZnO纳米颗粒的反应器为对照(CK),测定不同质量浓度ZnO纳米颗粒处理的活性污泥NH+4-N和总氮(TN)、硝化速率的变化;最后采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH),对不同质量浓度ZnO纳米颗粒处理下活性污泥中硝化细菌(氨氧化细菌(Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria,AOB)和亚硝酸氧化菌(Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria,NOB))的丰度水平进行检测。【结果】1,10,20mg/L ZnO纳米颗粒悬液短期(6h)暴露下对活性污泥脱氮效果没有明显影响;活性污泥经10,20mg/L ZnO纳米颗粒悬液长期接触(30d)后,TN去除率由投加前的81.4%,80.5%分别下降至66.1%,47.4%,NH+4-N去除率由投加前的80.4%,84.3%分别下降至62.1%,53.4%。随着ZnO纳米颗粒质量浓度的增加,硝化速率也明显下降。FISH定量分析表明,长期(30d)暴露于10~20mg/L的ZnO纳米颗粒环境中,活性污泥中的AOB和NOB丰度水平大幅降低,60d后略有回升。【结论】10~20mg/L ZnO纳米颗粒悬液对脱氮菌群生长和代谢活性均产生较明显的抑制作用,这是活性污泥脱氮效果明显降低的主要原因。     

Mechanism of Multipeaks Feature forVanadium titanium containing Magnetite in Smelting Reduction

The mechanism of multipeaks of reduction rate for vanadium titanium containing magnetite in the process of smelting reduction has been studied.The structure feature of vanadium titanium containing magnetite and changing character of slag structure as well as the kinetic feature of vanadium titanium containing magnetite in smelting reduction process were also analysed in this paper.     

Durability,reaction to fire properties,and environmental impact of treated and untreated wooden claddings

Abstract

This work summarizes the output of durability, reaction to fire properties, and environmental impact of wooden claddings subjected to treatments modified with TiO₂ and clay nanoparticles. The objective was to investigate the effects of 1 wt% of TiO₂ and clay nanoparticles in existing water-based and stain coatings and preservatives regarding the properties mentioned above. Water vapor resistance properties were used to assess the moisture transfer properties of the specimens by using the cup test. The reactions to fire properties of the specimens were analyzed using small-scale cone calorimeter test. Accelerated aging was used to study the weathering properties of specimens, where the performance of the specimens with aging was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The effect of increasing the percentage of nanoparticles from 1 wt% to 3 wt% on the weathering properties of the specimens was further analyzed. Moreover, comparison between the overall environmental impact between unmodified water-based paint and water-based paint modified with 1 wt% of TiO₂ nanoparticles was performed using available environmental data and weathering test results as analyzed by FTIR.     

Some Physiological Responses of Black-Eyed Pea to Iron and Magnesium Nanofertilizers

Key players in photosynthesis, iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg), in nano and common forms were considered for foliar application of black-eyed pea. Factorial experiments in three replicates were designed based on completely randomized blocks containing Fe (0, 0.25, and 0.5 g L^?1; in two forms: nano and common) and Mg (0, 0.5 g L^?1 nano, and 0.5 g L^?1 common). The elements were applied 56 and 72 days after sowing over the leaves, and data were collected after day 85. Iron had significant effect on yield, leaf Fe content, stem Mg content, plasma membrane stability, and chlorophyll content. The greatest effect was obtained by two treatment combinations of 0.5 g L^?1 common Fe + 0.5% nano-Mg and 0.5 g L^?1 common Fe + 0.5 g L^?1 common Mg. In general, almost all analyzed traits were improved by foliar application of these two elements, probably as a result of more efficient photosynthesis.