政府投资工程项目比选制度的法律分析

地方法律法规与民众关系密切，研究地方法治建设具有重要意义。以四川省政府投资工程建设项目比选制度为对象，梳理其形成，归纳其概念，在对比选制度进行法理分析和实证分析的基础上，提出完善措施，以期学界同仁关心地方法治建设。     

分叉角与回转半径对双向流道灌水器水力性能影响模拟研究

为研究双向流道灌水器水力性能，将其结构单元作为研究对象，以分叉角和回转半径两个结构参数为影响因素，采用正交试验设计16种结构参数组合方案，利用计算流体动力学软件Ansysfluent对流道内部流体的流动状态进行数值模拟，通过量纲分析建立流道结构参数与流道单元局部水头损失的回归模型。结果表明：双向流道单元局部水头损失与分叉角、回转半径和流道流速有关，分叉角与局部水头损失呈负相关关系，回转半径和速度与局部水头损失呈正相关关系；当入口流速为固定值时，分叉角为32.4°、回转半径为1.72 mm，流道单元局部水头损失最大；当设置10个流道单元时，交叉排列方式组合的灌水器流态指数较优。     

Determination of the effective dosage of tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–xylazine,with or without methadone,in dogs

ObjectiveTo determine the effective dosage of the combination tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–xylazine (TKX), with or without methadone, in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, experimental study.AnimalsA total of 29 dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly administered TKX (group TKX, n = 13) or combined with 0.3 mg kg^–1 of methadone (group TKXM, n = 16) intramuscularly. The TKX solution contained tiletamine (50 mg mL^–1), zolazepam (50 mg mL^–1), ketamine (80 mg mL^–1) and xylazine (20 mg mL^–1). The effective dosages for immobility in 50% and 95% of the population (ED₅₀ and ED₉₅) were estimated using the up-and-down method. Approximately 20 minutes after drug administration, a skin incision was performed and the response was judged as positive or negative if the dogs moved or did not move, respectively. The TKX volume for the subsequent dog in the same group was increased or decreased by 0.005 mL kg^–1 if the response of the previous dog was positive or negative, respectively. Heart and respiratory rates, and sedation/anesthesia scores (range 0–21) were recorded before and 15 minutes after drug administration.ResultsEstimated ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ (95% confidence intervals) were: TKX, 0.025 (0.020–0.029) and 0.026 (0.010–0.042) mL kg^–1; TKXM, 0.022 (0.018–0.025) and 0.033 (0.017–0.049) mL kg^–1. Median (interquartile range) scores for sedation/anesthesia were 17 (16–18) and 17 (15–20), and times until lateral recumbency were 5 (4–6) and 6 (4–10) minutes in TKX and TKXM, respectively (p > 0.05). In both groups heart and respiratory rates decreased, but values remained acceptable for anesthetized dogs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results provide a guide for volumes of TKX and TKXM in dogs requiring restraint for minimally invasive procedures. Inclusion of methadone in the TKX combination did not influence ED₅₀.     

Description of an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block injection technique and the spread of dye in calf cadavers

ObjectivesTo describe an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath (RS) block technique in calves with injections of methylene blue and assess the extent of injectate spread and nerve staining in calf cadavers.Study designProspective, experimental, blinded cadaveric study.AnimalsA total of 16 calf cadavers weighing 30.7 ± 7.1 kg.MethodsUsing an ultrasound-guided, in-plane technique, each cadaver was injected with both a low (LV; 0.25 mL kg^–1) and high (HV; 0.5 mL kg^–1) volume of methylene blue dye. Volumes were randomly assigned to the left or right hemiabdomen. Ultrasound imaging was scored based on landmarks and needle visualization, and duration to perform injections were assessed. Dissections were performed immediately after injections. Staining of ventral branches of spinal nerves and the extent of dye spread were recorded by an anatomist unaware of treatment allocation.ResultsThe number of nerves stained in treatments LV and HV were 2.3 ± 1.7 and 4.4 ± 1.3, respectively (p = 0.0001). Branches of thoracic nerves T7–13 and lumbar nerves L1–2 were completely stained 6.3%, 6.3%, 31.3%, 62.5%, 56.3%, 37.5%, 31.3%, 6.3% and 0%, respectively, in treatment LV and 0%, 12.5%, 50%, 93.8%, 100%, 93.8%, 62.5%, 25% and 6.3%, respectively, in treatment HV. Ultrasound imaging was scored excellent in most cadavers and needle visualization deemed excellent in all injections. The mean duration to perform RS injections in both treatments was 2 (range, 1–6) minutes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceNerve staining results from treatment HV suggest that this RS injection technique could be clinically useful in ventral midline surgical procedures, including umbilical procedures, in calves. This study supports future clinical trials in calves.     

云南地方栽培木豆群体数量性状变异分析

对云南省8个地方栽培木豆群体进行调查,对木豆株高、地径、冠幅、单株荚数、虫荚率、单株粒质量及百粒质量等数量性状变异进行分析,结果表明7个性状不论是群体间还是群体内个体间均存在丰富变异。性状相关性分析表明,单株粒质量与单株荚数呈高度正相关,与株高、地径呈弱正相关。单株荚数、虫荚百分率、百粒质量对产量构成贡献最大,通径系数分别为0．8551、-0．2374、0．1799。若将三个性状相结合,选择单株荚数多、粒大、虫荚少的单株,则后代产量可望有明显增加,有可能育成高产高抗虫性品种。     

福建乡土野生绿化树种种质资源调查研究

通过对福建省各主要山脉乡土野生绿化树种种源分布状况调查,首次确定福建省观赏价值较高的乡土野生绿化树种有47科62属105种。并根据树种观赏价值划分为:观花植物、观果植物、垂直绿化植物、丛植观花植物、观叶植物、观形植物、盆景绿篱七大类。为充分开发利用当地资源和保护野生绿化树种种质提供科学理论依据。     

试论园林文态建设

文章从3个方面论述了对“园林文态”的理解,并进一步阐明在当今园林建设实践中,实现“园林文态”的途径。     

对地方标准法律属性的探讨

研究地方标准的法律属性将有利于地方标准的发展和转型。从地方标准的法制性及法律规制属性两个方面来阐述地方标准的法律属性,从而进一步完善地方标准理论,促进地方标准的发展。     

Conducting surveys on forestry attitudes and practices in Leyte communities,Philippines: Experiences and lessons learnt

A survey of forestry practices and attitudes was undertaken in four communities in Leyte, the Philippines, to improve understanding of the social and economic factors affecting small-scale forestry development. The survey had three main data collection activities — initial focus group discussions (FGDs), household interviews, and reporting and validation FGDs. A team of enumerators was selected for household interviews which consisted of both males and females, to avoid potential problems of unwillingness of people to talk with those of the opposite gender. The interviewers were also required to be able to speak local dialects (Cebuano and Waray Waray), the survey questionnaires being administered in these dialects. Various methods were used to gain the support and assistance of local government units and barangay captains. Some difficulty was experienced by the survey team in the first community due to barangay elections at the time of the survey, and the requirement by the University of Queensland Ethics Committee that respondents sign a consent form. This requirement was found to be not culturally appropriate for the Leyte smallholder communities. Offering goods at the end of the interview was found to be of limited value for encouraging participation in the survey. Provision of food and drinks were found to encourage FGD participants to express their views, but too much alcohol had a negative effect. The importance of providing comprehensive feedback to respondents and involving them and other stakeholders in development of policy recommendations was apparent. These survey experiences provide valuable insights which are not generally available in textbooks on sample surveys, and provide lessons for planning and conducting smallholder community survey into natural resource management issues.     

People’s attitude and use of forestland: Co-evolution of forest administration in Bangladesh

This paper explores the influence over time of past policies on people’s attitudes towards the use of forestland in Bangladesh. The discourses of the attitudes of people were captured from the observed social tradition towards forest resources. Forests were reserved systematically and solely through the Forest Department. The conservation processes were not participatory, and rights and tenure were strictly controlled. People were socially excluded and alienated from the forest, and the socio-political factors stimulated negative attitudes among people. Forests were considered to be government property, and therefore managing forests was the responsibility of the government. People only used forest resources to meet their own requirements, either with formal permission or illegally. This situation continued even after the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. As a result, the forests of Bangladesh have been degraded heavily in recent decades.