极低密度脂蛋白受体功能研究进展

论述了动物体内极低密度脂蛋白受体的结构、功能,对极低密度脂蛋白受体与载脂蛋白受体的进化关系进行了研究,并对其功能进行了推测。     

Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

In order to investigate the impact of dietary lipid sources on mechanisms involved in lipid deposition, three groups of European seabass fingerlings with average initial body weight of 5.2 ± 1.0 g were fed three diets differing only by lipid source. These diets were: 100% anchovy oil (diet A), 40% anchovy oil-60% mix of vegetable oils (35% linseed, 15% palm, 10% rapeseed) (diet B) and 40% anchovy oil-60% mix of vegetable oils (24% linseed, 12% palm, 24% rapeseed) (diet C). After 64 weeks of rearing, when seabass reached the size of 160 g, the activity of lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme) in liver and of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in perivisceral adipose tissue, liver and white muscle were measured. Transport of lipid by lipoproteins was examined by determining plasma lipid composition and lipoprotein classes. Dietary oil source did not modify growth performance or lipid content of flesh and liver of seabass. Replacement of 60% of fish oil by the two mixtures of vegetable oils had no significant effect on hepatic lipogenesis and activity of LPL in liver and adipose tissue. Activity of LPL in white muscle was decreased in fish fed diet C compared to those fed diets A and B. Diets containing the mixture of vegetable oils led to lowered plasma, VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels compared to diet A.It is concluded that replacing 60% of fish oil by the two mixtures of vegetable oils in the feeds of European seabass fingerlings until they reach the size of 160 g has no marked effect on growth performance, lipogenesis and tissue lipid uptake but has a hypocholesterolemic effect.     

A unique lipoprotein profile found in the plasma of cultured Japanese eelAnguilla japonica: very low density lipoprotein,but not high density lipoprotein,is the main component of plasma

A unique lipoprotein profile was found in the plasma of cultured Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica which accumulated more lipid in its muscle than in its liver. The plasma lipoprotein level of Japanese eels was in excess of 54 mg ml¹, a concentration considered to be hyperlipoproteinemic in relation to other teleosts. The plasma lipoproteins consisted of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, density (d)<1.006 g ml¹) low density lipoprotein (LDL, 1.0061), high density lipoprotein 2 (HDL₂, 1.0851), and HDL₃ (1.1001). VLDL, but not HDL, was the main component in the plasma of Japanese eels, unlike most teleosts where HDL is the main component. An additional lipoprotein, vitellogenin (1.2101), was induced by the injection of estradiol-17ß (E₂), but VLDL was the main plasma component even in the E₂-treated eels. VLDL was a triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoprotein and possessed two apolipoprotein (apo) B-like proteins of molecular weights (Mr) 260K and 230K as main components.LDL, HDL₂, and HDL₃ were revealed to consist of heterogeneous components by a density gradient ultracentrifugation. LDL was separated into three subclasses of LDL₁ (1.0301), LDL₂ (1.0431), and LDL₃ (1.0671). LDL₁ with apo B-like protein of Mr 230K was a TG-rich lipoprotein, while both LDL₂ and LDL₃ were cholesterol ester-rich lipoproteins with apo A-I-and A-II-like proteins of Mr 25K and 14K. The particle sizes of HDL₂ and HDL₃ subclasses differed, although all of HDL₂ and HDL₃ subclasses possessed apo A-I-and A-II-like proteins of Mr 25K and 14K as main components. To our knowledge, this is the first report of detailed plasma lipoprotein profile in Japanese eels.Corresponding author: till August 18, 1996 and after April 19, 1997: at the above address. From August 19, 1996 till April 18. 1997: c/o Dr. N.H. Haunerland, Department of Biological Sciences. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.     

Fatty Acid Transport in Cartilaginous Fish: Absence of Albumin and Possible Utilization of Lipoproteins

There are conflicting reports over whether albumin is present in the Chondrichthyes. In addition, it is unknown whether given their low levels of extrahepatic β-oxidation, there is actually a need for a plasma FFA transport system. We examined the plasma of several Chondrichthyan species, including representatives of both the Holocephali and the Neoselachii using a combination of agarose gel electrophoresis, [¹⁴C]palmitic acid binding, SDS-PAGE, and Oil Red O staining following cellulose acetate electrophoresis. None of the eight species examined had a major acidic palmitate-binding protein with the characteristics of albumin and they all lacked proteins with the mass of albumin, 66 kDa. Palmitate was bound to specific plasma proteins in all elasmobranch species examined and these palmitate-binding proteins resembled lipoproteins based on their diffuse and variable mobilities and Oil Red O staining. These lipoproteins are potentially LDL and VLDL based on their migration positions. Albumin appears to be absent from Chondrichthyan plasma and lipoproteins bind LCFA in its absence.     

Blood appearance, metabolic transformation and plasma transport proteins of 14C-astaxanthin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

The time of appearance in blood, and transport of astaxanthin, and catabolic transformation of astaxanthin to idoxanthin were investigated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that had been force-fed a single dose of ¹⁴C-astaxanthin. In addition to the LPs, a major protein, associated with radiolabeled astaxanthin was detected. The maximum level of radiolabeled carotenoids in blood was attained 30 h after administration of ¹⁴C-astaxanthin. Radioactive idoxanthin (combined 3,4-cis and 3,4- trans glycolic isomers of idoxanthin) appeared after 6 h and a stable level was obtained after 18 h. LPDP and LP, separated by ultracentrifugation, contained on average 89 and 11% of the total radioactivity in plasma, respectively. During the 168 h experiment, maximum radioactivity in LP appeared after 22 h. Separation of plasma by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous NaCl/KBr-gradient and an iodixanol-gradient confirmed that most of the radiolabeled carotenoids were present in the HDPF that did not contain LPs (58%), whereas HDL and LDL contained 36 and 6% of the radioactivity, respectively. Of the recovered radioactivity, astaxanthin in the HDPF comprised 82%, idoxanthin 5% and unidentified compounds 12%, whereas HDL contained 78% astaxanthin, 22% idoxanthin and no unidentified compounds. Proteins from the fractions with the high density and high radioactivity (iodixanol-gradient) were separated by PAGE under non-denaturing conditions and showed a radioactive band with parallel migration length to BSA and salmon albumin. These results show that astaxanthin is rapidly converted to idoxanthin and that the majority of astaxanthin in the plasma is associated with a protein other than LPs, presumably albumin. The identity of this protein requires verification.     

家蚕突变矮小卵血液蛋白及卵黄蛋白的研究

对家蚕突变矮小卵 (emi)品种在卵母细胞形成时期的血液、卵巢及卵中的总蛋白进行SDS PAGE发现 :在emi的卵巢及卵中含有卵黄蛋白 (Vn)、卵特异性蛋白 (ESP)和大部分的低分子量脂蛋白 (LP) ;emi蚕在蛹期和蛾期的血液中有卵黄原蛋白 (Vg)和LP ,蛹后期大部分emi血液中的Vg和LP含量逐渐减少 ,化蛾时血液中仅含少量的Vg和LP ,而少数emi个体的卵母细胞大量退化 ,在蛹后期和蛾期血液中还含有大量的LP和较多的Vg ;emi蚕从吐丝当天到蛾期的血液中的LP中有分子量为 30kD的蛋白带 ,在卵中却没有。以上结果表明 ,emi基因可能不仅决定卵大小 ,还可能对LP的不同成分的吸收 (如不能吸收LP中分子量为 30kD的蛋白 )有关 ,推测这可能是导致emi个体大部分不能正常发育的原因之一     

蛋鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白水平与产蛋性能关系的研究

通过试验研究了产蛋鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白含量与其产蛋性能间的关系。试验结果表明,血浆极低密度脂蛋白水平与产蛋率间存在着显著的正相关,两次试验的个体与群体试验中相关系数分别为0.44(n=30)和0.85(n=6),而与产蛋量及蛋重无关。     

Recent advances in lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and atherosclerosis

Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a type-Ⅱ membrane protein belonging to the C-type lectin family molecules, which acts as a cell surface endocytosis receptor for atherogenic oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL). LOX-1 supports the binding internalization and proteolytic degradation of oxidized LDL, but not of significant amounts of acetylated LDL. LOX-1 is initially synthesized as a 40 kD precursor protein with N-linked high mannose-type carbohydrate, which is further glycosylated and processed into a 48-kD mature form. In vivo, endothelial cells that cover early therosclerotic lesions, intimal macrophages and smooth muscle cells in advanced atherosclerotic plaques express LOX-1. LOX-1 is cleaved at membrane proximal extracellular domain and released from the cell surface. Measurement of soluble LOX-1 in vivo may provide novel diagnostic strategy for the evaluation and prediction of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.     

布劳恩脂蛋白对大肠埃希氏菌感染导致的小鼠体内细胞因子分泌及死亡的调节作用

细菌外膜成分布劳恩脂蛋白(Braun lipoprotein,BLP)在调控大肠埃希氏菌感染导致的宿主炎症反应过程中发挥的具体作用尚不清楚。该研究分析了野生型大肠埃希氏菌(BLP表达阳性)、大肠埃希氏菌JE5505(BLP表达阴性)和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激小鼠后,体内促炎性细胞因子(TNF-α和IL-1β)、抗炎因子(IL-10)和趋化因子(RANTES)分泌的情况,以及小鼠的存活率和脏器的损伤水平。结果表明,大肠埃希氏菌JE5505组感染小鼠后导致死亡的速度比野生型大肠埃希氏菌组和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激组更迅速;JE5505与BLP联合刺激组在感染20 h后小鼠不再出现死亡。在大肠埃希氏菌JE5505感染的小鼠血清、肝脏和肺脏中,促炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌水平显著高于、抗炎细胞因子显著低于野生型大肠埃希氏菌组和大肠埃希氏菌JE5505与BLP联合刺激组的小鼠(P<0.01)。此外,BLP的存在可下调大肠埃希氏菌感染导致小鼠脏器中组织损伤标志物HMGB1和HABP2的蛋白表达(P<0.05)。说明细菌外膜成分BLP耐受可能通过调节炎症介质的产生,进而对细菌感染导致宿主脏器损伤和炎症反应发挥调控和保护作用,从而避免小鼠在被大肠埃希氏菌感染后出现快速死亡的现象。