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101.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a skin testing for evaluating in vivo cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR). Whereas CMIR is a key process to control intracellular pathogens, its value at identifying cattle exposed to the abortigenic intracellular coccidian parasite Neospora caninum is unknown. In this work, we have evaluated a DTH skin testing in cattle exposed to N. caninum and still seronegative. Female calves were experimentally sensitized by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation with live tachyzoites of N. caninum (NC-Argentina LP1) in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (group A; n: 8) whereas other calveswere mock-sensitized with PBS (group B; n: 6). Two DTH skin tests were performed by intradermal inoculation with a soluble lysate of N. caninum tachyzoites (NC-Argentina LP1) in the neck region at 60d and 960 d after sensitization. Skinfold thickness at the intradermal inoculation site was measured at 0, 24, 48 h post each DTH skin test and skin biopsies taken for microscopic evaluation. Specific N. caninum antibodies kinetics was evaluated all throughthe experiment. We found that whereas N. caninum specific antibodies remained below the ELISA cut-off, a distinctive skinfold thickness increase was detected in sensitized animals (group A) at the DTH skin test site, showing induration, swelling and inflammatory infiltration. Mock sensitized animals (group B) showed no skinfold thickness growth and lacked specific antibody response. Thus, N. caninum DTH skin testing could be a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of CMIR during N. caninum infection in non-humoral responders.  相似文献   
102.
Summary Forty strains of mungbeans, including all of the entries in the 1st and 2nd International Mungbean Nurseries (IMN), were grown in plant growth chambers in photoperiods of 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 hours and mean temperatures of 18, 23, and 28°C. Results show that (1) mungbean strains differ in their flowering response to photoperiod and to mean temperature; (2) increasing the photoperiod of reducing the mean temperature delayed flowering, the amount of delay varied with the strain: (3) variations in mean temperature may alter the effect of the photoperiod on flowering in particular strains. Twenty-five strains which flowered in all photoperiod-temperature treatments could be divided into four groups, each group being successively later in flowering. The remaining 15 strains could be divided into four groups, according to their failure to flower within 105 days in specific photoperiod-temperature treatments. Flowering response in the growth chamber is useful in explaining flowering response in the 2nd IMN at three locations varying from 14°N to 49°N latitude.Contribution No 7516 from the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station.  相似文献   
103.
试验温度25℃条件下,室内测定我国农作物害虫的常用生物防治剂—巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes和尼氏真绥螨Euseius nicholsi Ehara et Lee的耐饥能力,以及定量分析不同饥饿程度对两种捕食螨捕食朱砂叶螨的功能反应和捕食速度的影响。研究结果表明:两种捕食螨各螨态的耐饥时间与发育历期呈显著正相关(P﹤0.05)。各螨态的阶段存活率与存活时间之间的关系均可用二次抛物线拟合。根据饥饿半致死和致死时间(T50和T95),巴氏新小绥螨的耐饥能力明显强于尼氏真绥螨。除巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨的耐饥性存活曲线呈拱形外,两种捕食螨其它螨态的耐饥性存活曲线均呈凹形。不同饥饿程度的两种捕食螨雌成螨捕食朱砂叶螨若螨的功能反应均为HollingⅡ型,饥饿程度不能改变它们的捕食功能反应类型,但可使功能反应模型的各参数值发生较大改变。饥饿24 h的巴氏新小绥螨和尼氏真绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨若螨的捕食作用主要集中在取食的前8 h阶段,而未经饥饿处理的两种捕食螨雌成螨在开始捕食的24 h内各阶段的捕食速度变化不大。因此,饥饿处理对两种捕食螨雌成螨的捕食作用有明显影响。  相似文献   
104.
旨在为树莓叶黄酮的开发应用提供数据参考,通过正交试验与响应曲面法设计改良乙醇提取工艺,并通过HPLC建立树莓叶黄酮的色谱分离条件为:Agilent ZorBax SB色谱柱,流动相为1mg/mL乙酸-乙腈=72.5∶27.5,等度分离,柱温30℃,检测波长:257nm,完成树莓叶黄酮的初步分离,以及黄酮中芦丁含量的准确测定和验证。最佳提取工艺为:646mL/mL乙醇,料液比1∶12.5,41.9℃加热回流173.3min,最佳工艺所得提取率1.127%,响应曲面法最佳工艺提取率略高于正交试验法,且其工艺条件均较优于正交试验所得工艺,可为后期研发树莓叶芦丁兽用中药制剂提供理论参考。  相似文献   
105.
The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.  相似文献   
106.
炎症反应和感染性疾病均可改变机体的蛋白质和氨基酸需要,导致动物采食量下降、生长受阻和肌肉消耗,这主要是因细胞因子(如IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α)的增加而改变了蛋白质代谢。在免疫反应中,氨基酸将发生重分配并主要用于合成参与炎症和免疫反应的蛋白质以及参与免疫细胞增殖和其他免疫反应的重要化合物。免疫系统的活化可干扰机体正常的生理反应并导致对某些特殊氨基酸的需要量增加。本文主要综述了某些特殊氨基酸(通常是必需氨基酸)在免疫反应中的重要作用。  相似文献   
107.
家禽冷应激研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
冷应激是养禽业普遍存在的问题,对家禽生产性能、抗病的影响日益严重,对家禽冷应激的研究也在不断深入。本文对家禽冷应激时下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质激素、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的激素(T3、T4和T4/T3)、胰岛素和胰高血糖素、血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量、肥大细胞、血液淋巴细胞数量等改变进行了综述,提出了冷应激的预防和治疗措施。通过各品种家禽在冷应激时的不同的神经-内分泌的变化规律、体内各种酶变化规律及其基因表达,培育出耐寒、抗病、抗应激并具有较高的肉品、蛋品质量的家禽品种,是提高家禽抗应激能力的有效途径。  相似文献   
108.
为探讨产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC) K88感染仔猪发生炎症反应的分子机制,试验用ETEC K88灌服断奶仔猪,ELISA法检测攻毒后仔猪血清中白细胞介素8(IL-8)含量,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测淋巴结中Toll样受体2(TLR2)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其信号通路相关基因(髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、Toll相互作用蛋白(Tollip)、B细胞淋巴瘤因子3(Bcl3))的mRNA相对表达水平。结果发现,仔猪攻毒ETEC K88后6和24 h血清IL-8含量和淋巴结TLR2/4的表达水平均极显著或显著高于对照组(P<0.01;P<0.05),且感染后24 h显著低于感染后6 h(P<0.05);仔猪感染ETEC K88后24 h淋巴结中MyD88、Tollip和Bcl3的表达水平均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但是感染后6 h时与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,ETEC K88感染仔猪可能是通过TLR2/4-MyD88信号通路产生炎症因子IL-8,促使仔猪出现炎症反应,且该炎症反应可能受Tollip和Bcl3蛋白的调控而被减弱。  相似文献   
109.
A 3-month-old intact female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a 2-month history of ataxia. On physical examination, the ferret had difficulty standing upright. During the neurologic examination, the patient had a left head tilt and positional strabismus, circled to the left, and was ataxic. Results of the complete blood count were consistent with a mild normocytic normochromic anemia. Initial treatment was supportive. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed and revealed an asymmetry of the inner ears. A brainstem auditory evoked response test was also performed. History, clinical signs, and diagnostic test results indicated that the ferret was suffering from congenital peripheral vestibular syndrome and left-sided deafness. Congenital disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young ferrets with peripheral vestibular syndrome. Supportive care and physiotherapy can improve balance and motor function, leading to an acceptable quality of life.  相似文献   
110.
奶啤是以鲜牛乳、麦芽、酒花为主要原料,利用二次生物发酵技术酿制的一种高附加值,低醇的高级乳制饮品。目前国内奶啤蔗糖含量高,市场上还没有无糖奶啤的产品,为了丰富奶啤的种类,本试验用木糖醇作为蔗糖替代品,研制出一款无糖的特色奶啤。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面优化无糖奶啤的配方及工艺。结果表明,小麦料液比为1∶5(kg/L),将麦芽料液进行糖化、过滤,投入0.2 g/L卡斯卡特啤酒花煮沸30 min,添加0.2 g/L捷克萨兹啤酒花煮沸45 min后,接入0.2%的艾尔酵母,20 ℃的条件下发酵5 天,然后与发酵乳(5∶1)混合,在28 ℃下后酵10 h后过滤,加入1‰的三氯蔗糖、5%木糖醇、0.3%复配乳化增稠剂,20 Mpa均质两次,灭菌后得到成品。在此工艺条件下,得到的无糖奶啤感官评分较高,酒香和乳香和谐一体,风味饱满。  相似文献   
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