船用离心泵抗泥沙防泄漏系统的设计方法

针对我国船舶用离心泵因海水泥沙破坏而造成严重泄漏的问题,在船舶用离心泵设计上采用一种背叶片流体动力密封和机械密封相结合,同时增加清洁水系统来对泥沙水进行分离处理的综合抗泥沙防泄漏方法,即利用旋流器的分离特性将海水中的泥沙进行分离,产生清洁水用于机械密封的润滑和冷却,基于流体动力密封原理,利用叶轮上的背叶片带动液体旋转所产生的离心力,使液体甩向叶轮出口,起到保证洁净水系统压差、阻止泥沙进入轴端密封的作用。进行了旋流器特性研究、机械密封冷却液计算、叶轮背叶片设计、匹配计算,并给出了具体的设计计算方法。     

Status and conservation of the grey seal, Halichœrus grypus, in France

We investigated the status of the grey seal in the Molène archipelago, western Brittany, where a Marine National Park is planned. We combined regular censuses, photo-identification and satellite telemetry to investigate trends in grey seal abundance, site fidelity, individual movements and haulout site use. Individual movements and seasonal variations in abundance suggest that the seals used the Molène archipelago alternatively with other haulout sites of the South-west British Isles during their annual cycle. Nine out of 16 seals fitted with Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDLs) moved to the Isles of Scilly, English Cornwall, Wales or the Channel islands. On average the seals spent 85% of their time Near Haulout, 56.8% of which in the Molène archipelago. Overall the seals spent 66% of their tracking time within the boundaries of the Marine National Park. From 1997 to 2000 in the Molène archipelago, we observed a peak in number during the moulting season (mean = 49.8 seals) and a lower abundance during the breeding season (mean = 38.3 seals). The sex ratio was strongly skewed towards males during the moult (between 3.1 and 5.3-1), and was close to 1:1 during the summer. Inter-annual site fidelity outside the breeding season was very high, varying from 70% to 95% of identified seals, suggesting that the observed movements constitute rotations rather than random dispersion. From 1991/1994 to 1997/2000, the mean number of seals counted at haulout sites increased by 7%, close to the rates of increase observed in the core population of the British Isles at the same period. The Marine National Park may be too restricted for the overall conservation of the population but management plans should be aimed at preserving the characteristics of the habitat for the grey seal.     

齿轮泵扭矩计算的动态再现

结合外啮合齿轮泵的工作原理，利用仿真技术，在一个啮合周期内反映出作用在主、从动齿轮上的扭矩动态变化历程，通过静、动两种计算方法的实例比较，给出了包含机械效率的动态计算公式。并可用于估算外啮合齿轮泵的机械效率。     

利用线粒体DNA序列进行斑海豹鉴定的研究

通过对待鉴定的血液样品中线粒体控制区扩增和序列测定,并与基因库中序列比对分析,成功地对斑海豹进行了种类鉴定。本研究所用方法在野生珍稀动物的种类鉴定中有很好的应用价值。     

调速给水泵组机械密封的改进设计

对4^1／4″T8BID型机械密封频繁泄漏、使用寿命过短问题进行了故障分析，发现主要是动静环材质组合不当和冷却方式不合理造成。通过选择适合的动静环材料和改进机械密封，使问题得以解决。     

储粮机械通风技术在高大平房仓中的应用

在每年秋冬季节大气温度降低，湿度减小期间，利用离心式风机与轴流风机相结合的方法，通过粮堆底部的通风孔和地上笼，对粮仓进行机械通风，将干冷的新鲜空气送入粮堆中，同时将粮堆内的湿热空气排出，使储粮达到低温状态。待气温回升前，及时采用塑料薄膜“单面封”技术和利用泡沫板、建筑密封胶密封仓房门窗的方法，保持仓内低温，从而达到安全储粮的目的．     

Example of an adenocarcinoma developed in the gastric lymph nodes of a harbor seal Phoca largha

SUMMARY: Adenocarcinomatous growths comprising glandular cavities surrounded by cuboidal to low columnar cells and a large amount of mucus produced by the mucous cells, were observed in the the gastric lymph nodes of a harbor seal Phoca largha. The seal was stranded on the coast of Toyama Bay, Sea of Japan, on 2 March, 1998. Necroscopic examination also showed the animal had significant signet ring cell carcinoma in the stomach, as has been reported elsewhere. The adenocarcinoma may have developed from metastatic cells arising in the gastric carcinoma.     

Human Pathogens in Marine Mammal Meat – A Northern Perspective

Only a few countries worldwide hunt seals and whales commercially. In Norway, hooded and harp seals and minke whales are commercially harvested, and coastal seals (harbour and grey seals) are hunted as game. Marine mammal meat is sold to the public and thus included in general microbiological meat control regulations. Slaughtering and dressing of marine mammals are performed in the open air on deck, and many factors on board sealing or whaling vessels may affect meat quality, such as the ice used for cooling whale meat and the seawater used for cleaning, storage of whale meat in the open air until ambient temperature is reached, and the hygienic conditions of equipment, decks, and other surfaces. Based on existing reports, it appears that meat of seal and whale does not usually represent a microbiological hazard to consumers in Norway, because human disease has not been associated with consumption of such foods. However, as hygienic control on marine mammal meat is ad hoc, mainly based on spot‐testing, and addresses very few human pathogens, this conclusion may be premature. Additionally, few data from surveys or systematic quality control screenings have been published. This review examines the occurrence of potential human pathogens in marine mammals, as well as critical points for contamination of meat during the slaughter, dressing, cooling, storage and processing of meat. Some zoonotic agents are of particular relevance as foodborne pathogens, such as Trichinella spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella and Leptospira spp. In addition, Mycoplasma spp. parapoxvirus and Mycobacterium spp. constitute occupational risks during handling of marine mammals and marine mammal products. Adequate training in hygienic procedures is necessary to minimize the risk of contamination on board, and acquiring further data is essential for obtaining a realistic assessment of the microbiological risk to humans from consuming marine mammal meat.     

干气密封在离心压缩机中的应用

介绍了干气密封的基本结构、工作原理、在离心压缩机中应用干气密封的优点和转子的装配与运行要求。结合干气密封在天然气管道离心压缩机的应用实例,提出了干气密封的具体流程、控制系统和投产运行需要注意的问题。     

浮动叶轮平衡腔内液体泄漏量特性试验

用专用设备模拟浮动叶轮的运行工况,对叶轮后密封环前后压力进行了直接测量,得出了后密封环前后压力与泵扬程的试验曲线,据此计算得到了浮动叶轮平衡腔内液体泄漏量特性曲线.试验解决了浮动叶轮平衡腔内液体泄漏量和压力的计算问题.