易门地区苹果棉蚜的危害特性及其防治试验

为有效防治易门地区危害渐趋严重的苹果棉蚜,开展了该虫害危害特性以及药剂防治的研究。据观察,苹果棉蚜在易门1年发生20代,3月中旬至10月中旬是1、2龄若蚜繁殖危害最严重的时期,果实采收后至树体萌发前是防治的最佳时期。不同药剂的防治试验结果表明40％的氧化乐果1800倍液加1％o的洗衣粉是防治苹果地上部分棉蚜的较佳药液;另每株根施0．25kg高丙体内吸粉剂对根部的苹果棉蚜具有较好的杀灭作用。3年来,以化学防治为主,辅以配套的综合防治及检疫技术措施,使易门40．8hm2苹果园的植株受害率由48．5％降至2．65％,取得了较好防治效果。     

miRNA在奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗靶点的研究进展

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛常见的产后疾病,给奶牛养殖业造成了很大的损失,加之抗生素的滥用和耐药菌株的出现,使得寻求子宫内膜炎在分子层面的治疗方法更加迫切,本文就子宫内膜炎的病因、危害、诊断方法及miRNA作为治疗靶点进行阐述,以期为子宫内膜炎的治疗提供参考。     

加工番茄施肥量探讨

肥料是番茄增产的基础,目前加工番茄施混合肥450～600 kg/hm2(30～40 kg/667 m2),单产达到52 500～67 500 kg/hm2(3 500～4 500 kg/667m2),番茄最高单产120 000～150 000 kg/hm2(8 000～10 000 kg/667m2),但施肥过多可引起农残增加、经济效益下降.经试验施肥量在目前的基础上再增加600～900 kg/hm2(40～60 kg/667m2),增产幅度达22;～28;,新投入与产出比为1∶2～3,未发现肥害和农残.     

川渝地区鸡皮刺螨的流行与综合防治

鸡皮刺螨是鸡的一种体外寄生的节肢动物,流行十分广泛,对养殖业发展有严重影响。为了解鸡皮刺螨的发病情况,对川渝两地的126个鸡场进行流行病学调查,感染率高达71%。同时,介绍了鸡皮刺螨的生活史、危害及防治措施,是防制鸡皮刺螨不可多得的资料。     

Quantifying allowable harm in species at risk: application to the Laurentian black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei)

• 1. When a species is identified for conservation, often the only way to effect recovery is to reduce the harm imposed by stressors threatening the survival of the species. Ideally all threats would be removed; however, this is often not feasible or practical. Within this context, a demographic approach is presented to assess how much human‐induced harm could be allowed without impairing the persistence of the species. Harm is defined as a negative perturbation that can target one or more vital rates and life stages simultaneously.
• 2. Allowable harm, defined as a level of harm that will not jeopardize survival or recovery, will be a function of the vital rates affected by human actions, the sensitivity of population growth to changes in these vital rates (their elasticities), the population growth rate prevailing before harm occurs, and the set of demographic parameters considered safe for long‐term persistence. This life‐history based approach requires minimal data, can link demography with habitat‐explicit information, is flexible enough to encompass complex life histories, and follows a precautionary approach.
• 3. Quantification of allowable harm could be applied to any species at risk. This approach is introduced by applying it to a Canadian population of a freshwater fish, the black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei), demonstrating that in the absence of habitat constraints population dynamics of this species are most sensitive to the survival of young adults, but population fitness is particularly sensitive to the loss of habitat used by young‐of‐the‐year fish under current levels of habitat supply.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赤潮现状及防治对策

近30年的统计数据表明,我国赤潮的发生次数以每10年增加3倍的速度上升;与之相对应,山东省近6年的赤潮发生次数也呈上升趋势,2004年山东发生赤潮10次,累计面积达3230km^2。综合分析了赤潮的危害、成因、近年来全国赤潮发生和研究的现状及防治措施,并针对山东省的赤潮发生概况,对今后全省在赤潮监测领域应做的工作提出几点建议。     

A Declaration of Helsinki for animals

ObjectiveThis article examines the ethical principles underlying the Declaration of Helsinki as an internationally agreed justificatory framework for human medical research. The aim of the analysis is to consider the potential usefulness of these principles for defining an internationally agreed ethical 'best practice' in clinical veterinary research (CVR). It is suggested that the specific ethical responsibilities of the clinician to protect the interests of their patient when conducting medical research may be translated into the veterinary setting. Through exploring risk and harm, unproven interventions, vulnerability and informed consent, the article identifies the ethical risks of CVR. It is shown that veterinary regulators in the UK and the European Union have addressed these concerns to varying degrees; however, disagreements over the appropriateness of specific CVR practices are identified. A commitment to collaborative exploration of the benefits and challenges of implementing a Declaration of Helsinki for Animals is proposed.