International regulatory considerations pertaining to the development of stem cell-based veterinary medicinal products

Stem cell-based products (SCPs) are an emerging field of veterinary medicine that focuses on the regeneration, repair, or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. However, there are some issues in applying the traditional regulatory guideline for the approval of SCPs as veterinary medicinal products. This article describes the positions of Korea, US, and EU regarding SCPs, and compares the regulatory guidelines of each country for their safety evaluation. Although there are some differences in the regulatory guidelines, similar considerations in identifying the quality of SCPs and their safety has adopted. Overall, these guidelines need to be harmonized among countries.     

土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究I·国际动态及中国的修订考虑

介绍了国际上土壤质量指导值的研究动态、指导原则及应用功能,提出对中国现行土壤环境质量标准进行修订的若干考虑。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准已是国际发展的必然趋势。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准的制定,需考虑不同的土地利用方式,设置各种土地利用方式下的一般暴露途径、暴露参数(如暴露周期和暴露频率)和临界风险受体。基于风险的土壤质量指导值/标准多用于污染场地/土壤的风险管理,是潜在污染场地/土壤健康风险初步识别和预测的依据。中国现行土壤环境质量标准的修订,需对标准的功能和宗旨、制定方法论、土地利用方式、土壤污染物迁移对其他环境介质的影响、污染物的种类等方面予以考虑。现行标准修订的最终目的是要建立保护生态和人体健康的“土壤环境和健康质量指导值/标准”,服务于污染场地/土壤的识别及风险管理,同时还需制定保护土壤资源的“土壤自然质量指导值/标准”。     

Cropping Systems and Water Quality Concerns

SUMMARY

The impact of cropping systems on water quality is uncertain, and its interpretation depends heavily upon our definition of acceptable risk. As a means of determining net effect, both classical and precautionary approaches to assessing risk have their strengths and weaknesses. Relating the impact of cropping practices to human health outcomes can be particularly difficult. A variety of guidelines and standards are used to assess water quality, and recent methods for assessing water quality seek to incorporate more than water chemistry alone. An understanding of the derivation of water quality guidelines and standards is essential to their effective application, and meaningful interpretation.

In addressing water quality concerns, it is essential to first clarify that there is indeed a problem, and whether agriculture makes a significant contribution. Compound interactions and modes of chemical movement can render this troublesome. Yet, because farmers live on the land and drink the water, they want to be among the first to know what is happening and to take appropriate action when problems are identified.

Agriculture must be proactive in addressing water quality concerns. However, effective land management strategies depend greatly upon regional differences and may be highly site-specific. Hence, it is best to apply a set of common sense concepts at the local level. Because soil and water degradation are closely related, practices first developed to help conserve the soil (i.e., crop rotations, reduced tillage, cover crops) may also tend to conserve water quality. As well, restricting the loss of agricultural inputs (e.g., fertilizer nutrients, pesticides) from off farmland, and reducing the amount of those that might be available to do so, can assist in effectively reducing potential pollution. Buffer zones are a promising means of using plants and wetlands as a filter towards intercepting escaping contaminants.     

Application of Choice Experiments to Determine Stakeholder Preferences for Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines

Biomass harvesting guidelines (BHGs) have been developed to address concerns about the sustainability of harvesting woody biomass. Assessing preferences among BHG stakeholders is important for designing operationally feasible and socially acceptable standards in different contexts. We used choice modeling to determine how foresters, loggers, and landowners perceived the relative importance of stumpage price, wildlife habitat quality, percentage of coarse woody debris (CWD) remaining, and distribution of CWD in their choices of BHG scenarios. Responses (N = 718) indicated stumpage price was nearly double the importance of wildlife habitat quality, and three times more important than debris distribution and debris remaining.     

对非洲猪瘟后生猪复养工作的探讨

文章就生猪复养的历史背景、生猪复养技术指南,中国防控非洲猪瘟模式,国家恢复生猪生产政策,补齐基层防疫服务短板等生猪复养工作,结合湖南省洞口县生猪复养工作实践,进行了理论和实际的探讨。提出建立县级生猪复养工作专家组,加强生猪复养技术培训和技术服务,对规模化猪场生猪复养技术进行分级指导,建立县级车辆清洗消毒中心出台扶持母猪生产奖补政策的的建议,供同行参考。     

温室控制系统多传感器数据融合方法的设计

为了减少温室控制系统中的数据处理量,提出了一种温室控制系统多传感器数据融合方法。采用狄克逊准则对采集节点多点测温将采集到的每组数据进行较大误差剔除,然后基于算数平均值法对余下数据融合处理后发送到协调器节点,最后采用自适应加权融合算法对协调器节点数据进行最终融合处理。结果表明,该方法相比其他算法更能反映温室真实环境状况,融合效果更好,使控制系统更稳定。     

森林生态可持续发展探讨

本研究基于前人研究结果,结合当前生态林业发展理念,探讨森林生态可持续发展准则,其包括森林资源准则、生物多样性准则、森林水保效益准则、森林健康准则、森林生产力准则、碳循环贡献准则等六大方面。并基于这些准则选择了各种合适的指标来评价森林生态面向可持续发展的能力。     

浙江杨梅快递包装应用现状及规范操作指引

概述了目前浙江杨梅主产区快递包装产业发展现状,介绍了不同规格快递包装应用现状,指出杨梅快递包装产业快速发展中存在的主要问题是快递包装规范化操作及其应用推广的滞后。基于生产实际情况,提出了适合于3 kg果篮装的杨梅快递包装操作指引,以期为杨梅快递包装生产实际提供切实可行的操作参考。     

带时间窗的多目标蔬菜运输配送路径优化算法

为了解决蔬菜运输耗时长、成本高、保鲜时间短，导致送达到客户手上蔬菜质量降低等问题，在考虑了车辆载重和时间窗等约束条件下，本研究提出了一种带时间窗多目标蔬菜配送路径优化的遗传-模拟退火（Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing，GA-SA）算法。在遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm，GA）操作过程中引入模拟退火（Simulated Annealing，SA）算法自适应（Metropolis）接受准则：首先将原始种群进行遗传算法的选择、交叉、变异等操作，形成新一代路径种群，此时通过引入Metropolis准则，对新一代路径种群分布情况进行修正、选择、交叉、变异，得到目标路径种群，达到全部车辆配送完返回到配送中心的耗时最少、成本最低、车辆使用最少的多目标，求得蔬菜运输的最优路径。设计以保定市为配送中心以及向保定市下辖的各个乡镇为配送点进行蔬菜运输路径优化的试验，结果证明，与传统的GA、SA相比，GA-SA能够有效增快其收敛速度，优化后的配送路线总成本分别降低了约23.7%和4%，总路程分别减少了22.6%和3%，耗时分别减少了26.2和2.6 h，车辆分别少使用2辆和1辆。本研究可为冷鲜食品以及其他运输路径优化研究提供参考价值。