再生水灌溉对草坪草生长的影响

在北京市北小河污水处理厂进行了再生水灌溉草坪草试验,选用3种再生水(二级处理水、一般三级处理水超滤、深度三级处理水反渗透)灌溉6种草坪草(草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、匍匐翦股颖、结缕草、野牛草),再加上自来水灌溉作为对比。研究表明：在草坪草生理方面,与自来水对比,二级处理水和一般三级处理水超滤灌溉能显著促进草坪草的生长,较明显地增强草坪草抗性,而深度处理的三级处理水反渗透则不显著,这表明草坪草在再生水灌溉中有非常良好的优势;在草坪草矿质元素含量上,自来水灌溉与再生水灌溉差异很小。土壤中有害的矿质元素,如重金属、氯化物、氟化物等被草坪草大量吸收,通过修剪被移走,从而有效地减轻有害矿质元素对土壤和环境的不良影响。这表明草坪草在修复污染土壤上可能有良好的应用前景。     

黑龙江省牧草种子收获机械现状及发展

长期以来,我国的草种采集(收获)主要依靠手工作业,生产效率低、损失大、成本高、质量差,由此造成的草种产量不足,影响了人工草地种植面积,同时草种质量不高影响了牧草质量。要从根本上解决这些问题,必须实现牧草种子收获机械化。为此,简要介绍了黑龙江省牧草种子收获机械的现状,分析了黑龙江省牧草种子收获机械落后的原因,比较了各种牧草种子收获机械的综合性能,提出了黑龙江省发展牧草种子收获机械的措施。     

中国灌溉草业可持续发展探讨

本文就我国牧区资源特点，分析了牧区灌溉草业发展的持续能力及障碍因素，提出了我国牧区灌溉草业可持续发展主要举措：建立水、草、畜平衡发展体系；合理利用水资源，发展节水型灌溉；建立永久性人工饲草料基地；强化灌溉草业科研与科技推广力度等基本构想     

Effect of Soaking on Nitrate Concentrations in Teff Hay

Soaking can affect respirable dust particles and the concentrations of some nutrients in alfalfa and cool season grass hays. However, the effect of soaking on nitrates in hay has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soaking on teff hay, a warm season annual grass, that contained high concentrations of nitrate (>2.0%). Six bales of teff hay were used for the study. Six 0.5 kg samples were taken from each bale and assigned to one of six soaking treatments: no soaking (control), cold water immersion for 10 seconds, warm water immersion for 10 seconds, cold water soaking for 1 hour, warm water soaking for 1 hour, and cold water soaking for 8 hours. After soaking, hay was dried, ground, and submitted to a commercial laboratory for analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance as a block design. When the main effect of treatment was significant (P < .05), means were separated by Tukey's honest significant difference test. Soaking for 1 or 8 hours decreased water-soluble carbohydrate (P < .0001). Phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc concentrations were reduced by soaking for 1 hour or longer (P, K, Na: P < .0001; Zn: P = .003). Nitrate concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) to safe levels for horses (≤0.5%) by soaking hay for 1 hour or longer but soaking also reduced the concentrations of some nutrients in the hay. Minimal differences were observed between cold and warm soaking temperatures.     

青海省海北州草地畜牧业情况调研

青海省海北州是草资源较为丰富的地区,畜牧业经济在全州国民经济中占主导地位。通过调研,基本摸清了海北州草资源使用情况和存在的问题,并提出了相应的意见及建议,以期为海北州畜牧业发展再上新台阶奠定基础。     

The use of a new portable erosion measuring device for assessing the erodibility of the surface layers of flood embankments

When a river overtops its flood banks, water running down the landward side of the bank can rapidly erode the soil surface and scour the bank, sometimes leading to breaches and collapse. A covering of living vegetation, particularly grass, can reduce this risk of water erosion. As part of a project to assess the effectiveness of different management regimes on bank vegetation cover, direct measurements were required of the erodibility of the soil surface. A portable erosion measurement device (EMD) was developed by LAB Coastal with the support of the Environment Agency. This could direct water flowing at known velocities across areas of the flood banks, and it was used to test directly the erosion resistance of vegetated grass banks at three sites. The EMD gave a direct measure of the erodibility of a small sample of flood bank. While measurements of soil strength and assessments of vegetation cover were useful, they did not always correctly characterize the stability of the bank surface as measured directly by the EMD. The EMD and its use are described and the results obtained are discussed. The results indicate that flood banks need to be mown at least once a year to make them less vulnerable to erosion.     

DF-2型水草卷绕机的研制与使用

介绍了ＤＦ－2型水草卷绕机的设计重点，及其主要结构、工作原理、保养要求和使用效果。     

“清苔灵”对河蟹、青苔及2种水草的毒性试验

[目的]探讨"清苔灵"对河蟹、青苔和2种水草的毒性。[方法]采用正交法和梯度法在添加水草和空白水体中加入"清苔灵",研究"清苔灵"对河蟹、青苔和2种水草的毒性。[结果]有蟹组"清苔灵"浓度达到30 mg/L时对河蟹无毒害作用,对水质影响有限。无蟹组高浓度"清苔灵"有稳定水体的pH的作用,氨氮、硫化氢和亚硝酸盐虽有较微升高,但对河蟹的生长影响不大。[结论]该研究可为"清苔灵"在河蟹养殖中的合理使用提供依据。     

谷氨酸铜对罗非鱼和草鱼生长性能血清生化指标和体组成的影响

为研究谷氨酸铜制剂对罗非鱼、草鱼的生长性能、血清生化指标和鱼体组成的影响，选用180尾罗非鱼、135尾草鱼，分别随机分为3个处理组，每组3个重复，每个重复20或15尾。在基础饲料中添加五水硫酸铜作为对照组（10 mg/kg），试验组添加谷氨酸铜（高、低剂量组分别为10、5 mg/kg，按铜离子计），饲养8周。结果表明：与对照组相比，谷氨酸铜高、低剂量组罗非鱼的增重率分别提高3.9%和5.8%，草鱼的增重率分别提高4.0%和5.9%；罗非鱼特定生长率分别提高1.9%和3.3%，草鱼分别提高2.5%和3.5%；罗非鱼和草鱼的平均饵料系数分别降低7.6%和3.7%。两种鱼的血清生化指标及体组成各试验组间均无显著差别（P＞0.05）。由此可见，日粮中添加适量谷氨酸铜可提高鱼体的生长性能，且效果优于五水硫酸铜。     

Interaction of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and functional endophyte Pseudomonas sp. Lk9 on soil heavy metals uptake

Bioaugmentation is a promising method for assisting phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, and the development of bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction requires the understanding of the mechanism involved in the interaction between plants and inocula. In this study, a pot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas sp. Lk9 which can produce biosurfactants, siderophores and organic acids on the growth and metal uptake of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. growing in multi-metal-contaminated soil. The results revealed that Lk9 inoculation could improve soil Fe and P mineral nutrition supplies, enhance soil heavy metal availability, and affect host-mediated low-molecular-weight organic acids secretion, thereby significantly increasing S. nigrum shoot dry biomass by 14% and the total of Cd by 46.6%, Zn by 16.4% and Cu by 16.0% accumulated in aerial parts, compared to those of non-inoculated control. The assessment of phytoextraction showed that Lk9 inoculation elevated the bioaccumulation factor of Cd (28.9%) and phytoextraction rates of all metals (17.4%, 48.6% and 104.6% for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively), while the translocation factors had negligible difference between Lk9 inoculation (3.30, 0.50 and 0.40 for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively) and non-inoculated control (2.95, 0.53 and 0.42 for Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively). It was also found that the symbiotic association between S. nigrum and Lk9 significantly increased the soil microbial biomass C by 39.2% and acid phosphatase activity by 28.6% compared to those in S. nigrum without Lk9. This study would provide a new insight into the bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metal-contaminated soils.