Intra- and interspecific phenotypic characteristics of fish-pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda

Intra‐ and interspecific characteristics of fish‐pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda were determined by numerical analysis of gel electrophoresed protein profiles, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and immunoblotting. The 18 E. ictaluri isolates revealed a high degree of homogeneity (70% similarity or higher) in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME, while the nine E. tarda isolates revealed 30% similarity in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME. Immunoblots probed for antigenic epitopes with goat antiserum produced against E. ictaluri and E. tarda, respectively, revealed that E. ictaluri were more homogeneous compared with the E. tarda isolates. Overall, there was a considerable degree of relatedness between the two species. Our findings suggest that phenotypically E. ictaluri represents a clonal bacterial population structure compared with the less monomorphic E. tarda.     

Immobilization antigen-independent protection of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) infection

To determine whether olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) immunized with lysate of Philasterides dicentrarchi could be protected immobilization antigen (i-antigen) type independently, fish were immunized with lysate of ciliates obtained from in vitro cultures or ciliates obtained from infected fish. Fish immunized with ciliates obtained from infected fish were completely protected against artificial infection with in vitro cultured P. dicentrarchi, in spite of a weak or no serum agglutination activity against in vitro cultured ciliates. The present results indicate that i-antigen-independent protection was elicited by immunization of fish with the ciliates lysate, and the cultured ciliates would provide a good source for preparation of vaccines, which are cross-protective against various i-antigen types of P. dicentrarchi.     

桑树雄性配子人工二倍化培育优良三倍体的研究

在桑雄花初蕾的花粉单核期 ,用 2mg/LBA(6 -苄基嘌呤 )配制的 0 0 5 %～ 0 1%的秋水仙碱溶液 ,处理雄花序 7～ 8d ,诱导雄性配子二倍化 ,然后与正常的二倍体配子雌花杂交 ,其杂种苗木中三倍体植株的发生率约为10 %。用此技术初步培育出具有高产、优质、抗病、适于条桑收获等特性的人工三倍体品系浙 885 8。     

Discriminating styles (DS) and pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) in Petunia hybrida hort

Summary Discriminating styles (DS) in Petunia hybrida discriminate among incompatible pollen sources with pollen-mediated pseudo-self compatibility (PMPSC) similarly to those in Nemesia strumosa. Both species exhibit a single-locus gametophytic self-incompatibility system. Correlation of PMPSC to PSC level of the male was not universal and DS/PMPSC operated in heterozygous S genotypes. PSC levels of progenies generated from compatible or incompatible bud pollination were not significantly different from those of open-flower pollination of a DS plant with a given male, suggesting that DS did not select among male gametophytes for increased PSC.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 13,077 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

2n Gamete formation in the genus Brachiaria (Poaceae: Paniceae)

Microsporogenesis of several Brachiaria species of the Brazilian collection at Embrapa Beef Cattle has been analyzed in detail. This paper reports abnormal cytokinesis in three accessions of three different species (Brachiaria humidicola, 2n = 4x = 36, Brachiaria decumbens, 2n = 4x = 36, and Brachiaria dura, 2n = 6x = 54). Chromosomes paired in bi-, tri-, and quadrivalents in these accessions, whereas chromosome segregation at meiosis I was characterized by exclusion of laggards as micronuclei. In a high number of meiocytes, the first sign of cytokinesis appeared only in metaphase II and did not divide the meiocyte into a dyad. Total absence of cytokinesis was also detected among meiocytes in the second division. Since in both cases the two metaphase plates were very close, they favored the rejoining of chromosome sets after anaphase II and formed a restitutional nucleus in telophase II. Second cytokinesis occurred after telophase II in most meiocytes. Monads, dyads, and triads with n or 2n nuclei were observed among meiotic products. The 2n gametes observed correspond to the first division restitution (FDR). The number of affected cells in each accession was variable, but the number of microspores with restitutional nucleus, including those scored in tetrads and the released ones, did not exceed 9%. Although polyploidy is common in the genus Brachiaria, its origin is still unclear. Current results suggest that 2n gametes may have contributed to the evolutionary history of the genus.     

A gamete abortion locus detected by segregation distortion of isozyme locus Est-9 in wide crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary A locus for male gamete abortion in hybrids for Japonica and Indica rice was identified with the aid of marker genes Rc and Est-9 on chromosome 7. In an Indica-Japonica cross, AKAMAI 1/IR50, the Indica allele Est-9 ² was transmitted via the male gamete with a ratio of 0.29 instead of the normal 0.5, whereas no segregation distortion was observed for the Rc locus. The recombination value (p) for Est-9 and Rc was estimated to be 0.38 by a least square method after adjusting Mendelian segregation ratios with the male transmission ratios of 0.29 (Tr) for Est-9 ² and 0.71 (1-Tr) for Est-9 ¹. The recombination value (q) for the new locus for male gamete abortion, ga-11, and Est-9 was estimated to be 0.23 by using 56 F₃ lines from F₂ plants which were heterozygous for the Est-9 locus. No linkage for Rc and ga-11 was found. Therefore, the two markers and ga-11 were located in the order of ga-11-Est-9-Rc. Using the estimated recombination value (q), the male transmission rate (k) of ga-11 ^a was estimated to be 0.11 with the F₂ data and-0.07 with the F₃ line data. Thus, it was apparent that male gametes possessing ga-11 ^a were frequently aborted in the Indica-Japonica hybrid.     

The implications of 2n egg gametes in nobilization and breeding of sugarcane

Summary Nobilization in sugarcane is viewed from a genetic angle considering the significance of 2n gametes. The inbreeding coefficients resulting from 2n gametes, for first and second nobilizations are worked out. The implication of 2n gametes to sugarcane breeding are discussed.     

一个水稻雄配子不育基因MGA1(t)的遗传及表达特征分析

在水稻转基因材料后代中筛选到一个自交后代标记基因呈1:1异常分离的雄配子不育突变体(暂命名为Male gametophyte abortion1,mga1(t))。该突变体花粉约50%败育,花粉败育表型与T-DNA共分离,且只能通过雌配子传递,表明mga1(t)是一个T-DNA插入引起的雄配子败育突变体。Southern blot分析表明,mga1(t)为单拷贝T-DNA插入突变体。侧翼序列分析发现T-DNA插入在水稻3号染色体上一个Bax inhibitor(BI)-1 like家族蛋白基因的5’非翻译区,该基因可能与细胞程序性死亡有关。RT-PCR表达分析显示MGA1(t)基因在水稻不同生长发育期均有表达,尤其在长度发育为0～7mm的颖花中强表达,表明该基因是一个水稻雄配子优势表达基因。     

东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析

对组培条件下秋水仙素诱变的东方百合四倍体及2 n雌配子杂种后代进行了RAPD分析.结果表明：东方百合四倍体诱导过程中,少数植株除了染色体数目加倍以外,还存在DNA序列的改变;2 n雌配子杂种后代RAPD分析表现出丰富的遗传多样性,少数植株RAPD分析差异巨大,特别是T8无性后代存在较大的性状差异,个别植株经RAPD分析与其他单株存在较大的差异.     

抗沙门氏菌O_4、O_(12)抗原特异单克隆抗体的产生及其特性鉴定

用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的热灭活全菌和热酚—水抽提脂多糖抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾脏淋巴细胞与SP_2/O细胞融合,获得稳定分泌抗沙门氏菌O_4和O_(12)抗原的特异单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系7个,分别命名为AG24-1、AG90-5、BG1-8、BG17-12、BG66-10、BG78-15、EG19-11。小鼠腹水中的单抗直接凝集滴度为10~2-10~4,间接免疫荧光滴度为10~3-10~6。与沙门氏菌和肠杆菌科中其他细菌的反应性试验表明,BG78-15是O_(12)因子特异单抗,其他6种为对O_4因子的特异单抗。