钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响

为了研究钾素水平对油茶果实性状和产量的影响及它们之间的关系,设置了6个不同钾肥用量处理,以8年生的长林53号和长林27号两个油茶无性系为试材在江西永丰开展了施肥试验,连续两年测定了油茶果径、单果质量、干出籽率、干出仁率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率、单株结果数、单株果实产量和产油量等指标,比较和分析了不同无性系的不同处理之间的差异。结果表明,两个无性系的果实性状和产量对钾肥水平差异的响应均存在大小年差异;结实大年时,钾肥水平对两个无性系果实的果径、单果质量和干出仁率影响不大,对其他性状的影响均达到显著水平;结实小年时,钾肥水平仅对53号无性系单株结实数量和产量造成影响且无明显梯度规律,而27号无性系随着钾肥水平的提高,其干出籽率和鲜果含油率呈先上升后下降趋势,单株果实数量、产量和产油量则呈下降趋势;无论大年还是小年,单株产量均与结实数量关系最密切,大年的产量在油茶生产中占据主导地位,就大小年平均产量而言,两品系均以中等钾肥水平的K2和K3处理最优。适量增施钾肥可有效改善油茶结实大年果实性状,提高单株结实数量,实现增产增效。     

菌根剂对桃、李、柰果实重量及病虫抗性的影响

为探索果树采用何种施肥方法 ,具较好经济效益 ,在桃、李、柰等果树上 ,选择Pt菌根剂、超大生物菌肥、肥力高和常规施用复合肥进行比较实验 ,发现Pt菌根剂具有较好经济效益。     

Traditional agroforestry practices in Zimbabwe

Traditional agroforestry systems in the communal areas of Zimbabwe are described. There are systems centered on main fields, on home gardens, on homesites and on grazing areas. In the main fields, the major tree-related management practice is the conservation of preferred indigenous fruit trees. Fruit trees are also the focus of forestry activities around the gardens and the homesite; but here it is the planting of exotic species. In a localized area of Zimbabwe Acacia albida is important in fields. There is almost no use of tree fallows in Zimbabwe. Trees in grazing areas have numerous roles, but at present there is little knowledge about traditional management practices in these areas. In the development of agroforestry systems in Zimbabwe it is suggested that those systems designed to improve fodder production will make a significant contribution to farm productivity because of the importance of cattle in the farming system and the present fodder shortage. Interventions involving the planting of fruit trees are likely to be very successful, as there is much interest in such planting. Another area that needs to be developed is that of tree plantings to improve soil fertility.     

杨梅疏果量与经济效益关系分析

用比较分析法和多目标最优化法对不同的杨梅疏果量与投入、产量、产值、效益的关系进行比较、分析表明 :疏果措施可提高杨梅的品质 ,增加产值和收益 ,当疏果量达到 6 0 %时有最大的纯收益 ,疏果量达到 70 %时有最好的投资效果 ,6 0 %～ 70 %的疏果量是杨梅最佳疏果方案     

永嘉早香柚授粉及保水措施试验

为探索永嘉早香柚的低产原因和降低内裂果措施。进行了授粉和保水措施试验，结果表明，通过授粉能有效提高永嘉早香柚的座果率；授粉配合保水措施能有效降低永嘉早香柚的内裂果和裂瓣率。     

美国薄壳山核桃果实发育研究

1995～ 1998年 ,在云南省林业科学院漾濞研究站从浙江引种的美国山核桃林内 ,对金华 1号、绍兴 1号、山站 2号、长林 13号 4个品种的果实发育进行了观测和解剖研究。结果表明 ,这 4个品种都具有明显的缓慢生长期、迅速膨大期、硬核期、果仁生长期 4个发育期 ;果实的体积和重量生长速率有 3～ 4次高峰 ,并与各发育期吻合 ;胚在硬核期出现 ,经历 18～ 19天基本定型 ,胚出现果实到采收需经历 5 2～ 5 9天 ,研究为正确制定丰产栽培措施提供了理论依据。通过对气温和降雨量的分析认为 ,美国山核桃为喜热树种 ,漾濞引种的美国山核桃发叶开花时间比浙江早 10天左右 ,果实进入迅速膨大期反而迟 10～ 15天。     

稀土提高枣树产量及果实品质的研究*

板枣是我国枣树的名优品种之一。枣果营养丰富,经济价值高,既味美可口,又可入药,还是食品加工的重要原料,是我国一大特产。但因管理粗放,病虫较多,影响产量和质量的提高。在推广枣树增产技术措施中,虽以枣树开花期喷施赤霉素提高座果率效果较好,但目前赤霉素价格高,货源缺乏,严重影响了这一增产措施的实施。     

设施栽培果树病虫害种类与发生特点

对桃、杏、樱桃设施栽培下病虫害调查的结果显示，全区设施果树病虫(螨)害共27种，其中虫(螨)害16种，分属4目12科；病害11种，分属9目9科(属)。主要病虫(螨)害12种(病害6种，虫害5种，螨类1种)。经对果树主要病虫(螨)害在设施条件下的发生危害规律观察，总结出了设施果树病虫害发生特点。     

水杨酸对杏树花期抗寒性及坐果率的影响

以室温蒸馏水处理为对照,分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40、80 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液处理张公园杏初开花朵,放入0℃恒温培养箱4 h,取出后测定花朵的外渗电导率值、呼吸强度、雌蕊的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性及丙二配醛的含量,结果表明:水杨酸可有效抑制由低温引起的细胞电解质外渗,提高呼吸速率,提高雌蕊超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,减少丙二醛的积累。还在田间条件下,以7年生3个品种的杏树为试材,于初花期分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液进行喷施,结果发现:浓度为10 m g.L-1的水杨酸能够极显著地提高骆驼黄、华县接杏品种的坐果率,但其对张公园品种的影响却并未达到显著水平。认为在杏树初花期喷施一定浓度的水杨酸可以起到预防低温伤害及提高产量的作用。     

Phenological patterns in a southern Amazonian tropical forest: implications for sustainable management

Phenological transects were employed to assess monthly leaf, flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance for a total of 1732 individual plants within five tropical forest habitats at the ‘Lago Caiman Research Camp’, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, northeastern Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. Fruit surveys along trails were conducted concomitantly to assess fruit availability for the resident terrestrial frugivore community. The results of the two methodologies are compared and discussed with respect to wildlife and forest management in the region. Phenological transects revealed that Cerrado forest, tall forest, low vine forest, Sartenejal (swamp) forest, and pied mont (premontane) forest, showed seasonal variations in flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit abundance, however, the broad temporal patterns were significantly different across habitats. Seasonal variation in overall foliage abundance was only marked for Cerrado forest. Ripe fruit production within the study site was not significantly different across months, with different habitats peaking asynchronously in abundance. From a frugivory perspective, overall ripe fleshy fruit abundance also varied considerably between habitats, and again showed asynchronous peaks in habitat production. However, both methodologies revealed the early dry season (June–July) as a period of ripe fleshy fruit scarcity throughout the study area. This period represents a resource ‘bottleneck’ for the resident frugivore community and phenological results allowed the identification of a number of keystone fruit resources for the region. Furthermore, fruit resources which are super-abundant in the early–mid wet season (November–February) might also be considered keystone resources for the region, given that they are available in an otherwise fruit scarce forest. The dynamic spatial patterning of fruit availability at Lago Caiman suggests that certain habitats might be considered keystone habitats, since they provide the majority of fruit resources on a seasonal basis. Finally, the potential of phenological information in tropical forest management plans is discussed and underlined by the observation that rainfall in itself fails to predict fruit availability in the dominant habitats at Lago Caiman.