连续式真空干燥机在鱼粉加工中应用研究

研究了连续式真空干燥机在鱼粉加工中的工艺过程、工艺结构和工作原理。鱼粉加工中采用连续真空干燥机具有明显的优势,可以减少高温对鱼粉蛋白质的氧化,提高鱼粉蛋白质的含量,提升鱼粉品质,使其在市场竞争中占有优势。     

女贞枸杞散预防断奶仔猪腹泻效果和对血液白细胞数的影响

为探讨以女贞子、枸杞子、穿心莲、大青叶等多味中药组成的"女贞枸杞散"对断奶仔猪腹泻的预防效果和对外周血各类白细胞数量的影响。根据体重相近、公母各半的原则选用80头体重为10kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分4组,分别为试验Ⅰ组(日粮中加0.4%"女贞枸杞散"),Ⅱ组(添加0.6%),Ⅲ组(添加0.8%)和对照组(普通日粮)。详细记录仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率、腹泻频率、腹泻指数等。试验结束后采血,测定各类白细胞数量,结果表明,"女贞枸杞散"能有效地降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,改善仔猪的生长性能,促进血液中的白细胞尤其是淋巴细胞的的生成,提高机体免疫力。     

Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs

Objective: To determine the continuous changes in blood volume in response to fluid administration using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: Four healthy dogs. Interventions: Each dog received intravenous boluses of 80 mL/kg of 0.9% saline (S), 4 mL/kg of 7.5% saline (HS), 20 mL/kg of dextran 70 (D), 20 mL/kg of hetastarch (HES), or no fluids (control, C) on separate occasions. Fluids were administered at 150 mL/min in the S, D, and HES groups, and at 1 mL/kg/min in the HS group. Measurements and main results: Blood volume changes were measured every 20 seconds for 240 minutes using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. There was a rapid rise in blood volume during all infusions. Immediately after the administration of crystalloid fluids, the rapid rise in blood volume ceased. Subsequently, there was a steep decline in blood volume for 10 minutes, and a slower decline thereafter. In contrast, the rise in blood volume continued for at least 10 minutes after the infusion of the colloids was complete, and a plateau was observed for the remainder of the experiment. The blood volume effect, as measured by area under the curve, was significantly greater in the saline group than the other groups during the infusion time and for the 0–240 minutes time period. The areas under the curve for the two colloid solutions were not significantly different from each other during any time periods. The percent increase in blood volume immediately following the infusions was 76.4±10.0 in the S group, 17.1±3.2 in the HS group, 23.0±10.5 in the D group, and 27.2±6.4 in the HES group. At 30 minutes from the start of the infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volumes were 35.2±9.3 in the S group, 12.3±0.9 in the HS group, 35.9±7.3 in the D group, and 36.8±6.5 in the HES group. At 240 h post‐infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volume were 18.0±9.7 in the S group, 2.9±6.1 in the HS group, 25.6±16.1 in the D group, and 26.6±8.6 in the HES group. The C group had a mean percent change in blood volume of ?3.7±3.4 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: This study indicates that the rapid administration of saline at clinically relevant doses leads to the largest immediate increase in blood volume, although this change is transient because of rapid redistribution of the fluid. Despite a brief increase in blood volume that was almost 3 times the volume administered, hypertonic saline led to the smallest increase in blood volume post‐infusion. The synthetic colloid solutions increased the blood volume by an amount greater than that infused and the effect was sustained for a longer period of time than seen following crystalloid administration, but the maximum increase in blood volume was significantly less than saline. The measurement of continuous changes in blood volume, using an in‐line hematocrit monitor, was a useful means of assessing the dynamic effects of fluid administration in dogs in a research setting.     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

Erythroid progenitor cells from pig bone marrow and peripheral blood

With the intention of using the pig as a large animal model in haematopoietic research, a clonal assay in methylcellulose was developed and the optimal conditions for raising erythroid progenitors from adult pig bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) have been established. Progenitor cells were stimulated to proliferate and differentiate in vitro by growth factors containing leucocyte condition medium (LCM), and with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo). The number of PB BFU-E (burst forming units - erythroid) directly depended on the concentration of LCM, but BM BFU-E were not dependent on LCM. Both CFU-E (colony forming units - erythroid) and BFU-E were rhEpo dependent. Despite relatively high but expected individual variations, the mean number of colonies, as well as the functional characteristics of progenitor cells investigated, were similar to those of miniature pigs and some other mammals.     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

日粮不同锌水平对法国鹌鹑生长发育及组织中微量元素含量的影响

用2周龄健康法国鹌鹑324只,按体重随机分为9组,每组设3个重复,试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮(含锌26.7ppm),在此基础上,添加9个梯度水平(ppm)的锌(0,25,50,75,100,500,1000,1500,2000),进行为期3周的饲养试验.试验期末,进行血液生化指标测定和组织器官微量元素含量分析.试验结果表明,法国鹌鹑日粮中以添加50ppm和75ppm锌为宜,对增重、采食量和饲料效率均有一定作用.1000ppm锌为最大耐受量,1500ppm锌为其中毒量;在一定锌水平范围内,血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量、碱性磷酸酶(SAP)活性均随日粮锌水平的提高而显著提高(P<0.05),当锌添加量为500ppm时,其达最大值,随后呈降低趋势.血清白蛋白含量不受日粮锌水平的影响.锌与其它微量元素之间的关系依不同组织器官而异,缺乏规律性.日粮补饲锌能显著降低肝脏中铁、铜、锰和肾脏中铁的含量,提高骨骼.血清中锰及肾脏中铜的含量.     

丹参注射液实验性药效作用

实验结果表明,丹参注射液分别在3×10~(-3)g/ml和6×10~(-3)g/ml浓度时,小白鼠子宫活动呈轻度弛缓,记录图形波谷略下延,收缩间隔延长,子宫活动较用药前有明显差别(P<0.05);妊娠小白鼠每只一次皮下注射0.2 mI丹参注射液,每日1次,连续3次,试期无一例发生流产,妊娠鼠均产下健康乳鼠;用妊娠山羊作同样实验(山羊体重30kg左右,每次每只皮下注射10ml丹参液,约含生药10g,每日1次,连续3次),同样无一例发生流产,妊娠期满顺利产下健康羊羔;丹参注射液离体兔耳灌流后,兔耳皮肤血管短暂徼弱扩张,但用药前后流量变化差异不明显(P>0.05)。     

滨白鸡纯系及杂交组合的种群关系分析

本文采用中国科学院遗传研究所研制的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三个系统１２个血型因子，分析滨白鸡七个纯系和五个杂交组合的种群关系。结果表明，１２个群体可分为五个类。第一类包括５个纯系（ＮＯ２、ＮＯ７、ＮＯ６、ＮＯ３、ＮＯ８）和２个杂交组合（５×２、７×８）．第二类包括５×６组合和ＮＯ５系。第三类是４×２组合。第四类是５×４组合。第五类是ＮＯ４系。不同类品系间遗传差异大，同一类品系间则小。实际配合力测定得到的４×２、５×４２、６×４２优秀杂交组合均有一定的理论基础。     

Comparison of whole blood and plasma potassium concentrations in dogs using the Reflovet system

Background: The Reflovet system is designed for chemical analysis of whole blood. However, plasma or serum is recommended for potassium analysis because of possible interference from RBC potassium. Because RBC potassium concentration is low in most canine erythrocytes, however, there should be little or no interference.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare potassium results obtained in whole blood and in plasma from dogs using the Reflovet system.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 104 dogs into lithium-heparin tubes. The potassium concentration was measured in whole blood, and subsequently the PCV was measured. Samples were centrifuged and the potassium concentration was measured in plasma. Comparisons were made using Deming's regression and Bland-Altman difference plots.
Results: There was very good correlation between results of potassium measurements in whole blood and plasma ( r = 0.93). Potassium values were moderately lower in whole blood: Potassium_blood= 0.912 × Potassium _plasma+ 0.119. Hemolysis had a negligible effect on the results, but the difference increased with the PCV value. In more than 90% of samples, the difference between the 2 measurements was ≤ 0.3 mmol/L.
Conclusion: There is only a negligible difference in most cases between potassium values in canine plasma and whole blood using the Reflovet system.