清热消痤颗粒对炎症性痤疮患者炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的 观察清热消痤颗粒治疗炎症性痤疮对患者炎症细胞因子水平的影响。方法 选取我院门诊于2013年7月～2015年12月收治的青春期炎症性痤疮患者81例作为研究对象,分为观察组（43例）与对照组（38例）。观察组应用清热消痤颗粒治疗,对照组口服丹参酮颗粒。比较两组治疗前后中医证候积分、治疗总有效率、治疗前后炎症细胞因子水平（IL-4、IFN-γ）、不良反应发生率。结果 两组治疗前的中医证候积分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组中医证候积分均降低（P<0.01）,观察组中医证候积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。观察组治疗总有效率为88.4%,高于对照组68.4%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后两组炎症细胞因子IL-4水平均降低、IFN-γ水平均升高（P<0.05）,且观察组IL-4水平低于对照组、IFN-γ水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。观察组与对照组的不良反应发生率分别为7.0%、10.5%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 清热消痤颗粒治疗炎症性痤疮可疏风清热、化瘀解毒,切中病机,并降低IL-4、升高IFN-γ,且不良反应少。     

Proinflammatory cytokine responses of cultured equine keratinocytes to bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular pattern motifs

Reasons for performing study: Further knowledge of equine keratinocyte physiology and keratinocyte response to various stimuli is important in developing a better understanding of disease states involving the epidermis. Objectives: To assess the inflammatory cytokine response of cultured equine keratinocytes to various pathogen‐associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs) from both Gram‐negative and positive bacteria likely to be present in equine sepsis. Methods: Keratinocytes were isolated from skin of 2 horses and primary cultures performed. Keratinocytes were harvested for RNA extraction after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PGN), bacterial DNA (CpG), flagellin or maintained in medium (controls) for 4 or 24 h. Real time‐quantitative PCR was used to quantify interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations. Results: Increases (P<0.05) in IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CXCL8 mRNA concentrations were induced by LPS exposure compared to controls. Increased mRNA concentrations of both IL‐6 and CXCL8 were also noted (vs. controls) upon exposure to flagellin. Overall, responses were greater at 4 h. No increases (P>0.05) in cytokine expression by keratinocytes were present after LTA, PGN or CpG exposure. Conclusions: Increased proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to LPS and flagellin indicate that equine keratinocytes have functional TLR4 and TLR5 receptor signalling. However, the lack of keratinocyte stimulation by PGN, LTA or CpG provides no evidence for functional TLR2, TLR9 or NOD receptor signalling. These results suggest that equine keratinocytes are more responsive to PAMPs usually associated with Gram‐negative sepsis and unresponsive to PAMPs most commonly associated with Gram‐positive sepsis. Potential relevance: The increased incidence of injury of epidermal structures in clinical cases of Gram‐negative (vs. Gram‐positive) sepsis in the horse may be due to a lack of functional TLR signalling for Gram‐positive PAMPs in the equine keratinocyte.     

细胞因子在重组疫苗中的免疫增强作用

细胞因子是免疫活性细胞和其它细胞分泌的具有多种生物活性的多肽或蛋白质,这些细胞因子是重要的信息传递物质,特别在免疫、炎症和造血系统等生物学反应过程中具有重要的作用。细胞因子用于重组疫苗上的研究已成为生物学研究中最活跃的领域之一。在基因工程疫苗研制中,常把细胞因子基因（如IL-2、IL-1等）和保护抗原基因连接在一起,构成融合蛋白．以增强疫苗的抗体产生和细胞免疫水平。以干扰素和白细胞介素为例,叙述了细胞因子在免疫增强剂和免疫治疗剂、构建新型基因工程苗等方面的主要研究进展。     

蟾酥注射液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

摘要：本实验研究蟾酥注射液对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。采用药理免疫学方法制造免疫低下的动物模型,测定脾脏重量并计算脾脏指数;ELISA方法检测IgG,IgG1,IgG2b抗体水平;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;ELISA方法检测细胞因子（IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10）水平。测定结果表明,蟾酥注射液能够增强免疫低下小鼠脾脏指数,提高抗体水平;在ConA或者LPS刺激下提高脾细胞增殖率,促进淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子,说明蟾酥注射液在一定剂量下能够缓解氟苯尼考引起的免疫抑制。     

厚朴酚在体外对LPS诱导细胞因子释放及ERK通路激活的影响

利用MTT方法检测厚朴酚细胞毒性，ELISA方法检测厚朴酚对LPS介导炎症中IL-1、IL-6、IL-10释放的调节作用，Western—blot方法检测对ERK1／2活化的调节作用。结果显示，LPS处理过的RAW264．7细胞在经过不同剂量厚朴酚处理后，其IL-1、IL-6的释放随厚朴酚剂量的增加在减少，而IL-10则随药物剂量增加而增加；厚朴酚对LPS介导的ERK／MAPK通路激活作用显示一定的抑制作用。结果表明，在一定剂量范围内厚朴酚可以缓解LPS刺激的细胞因子的释放，在炎症过程中可以通过抑制ERK／MAPK活化来抑制炎症发生。     

Progress on regulation of PD-L1 expression by major inflammatory cytokines in tumor microenvironment

Programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 （PD-L1） is an important immune checkpoint protein， and its high expression in tumors often affects the effect of immunotherapy and promotes the malignant progression of tumors. Besides the own factors of the cells， the expression of PD-L1 is regulated by a variety of factors. In recent years， many studies have shown that some inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment， such as interferon-γ （IFN-γ）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and so on， regulate PD-L1 expression through various mechanisms， thus promoting the immune escape of tumor cells and affecting the prognosis of patients. In this article， we briefly review the regulatory effects of major inflammatory cytokines on tumor cell PD-L1 expression and the mechanisms in order to provide a reference for improving the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-L1 treatment and studying new tumor immunotherapy pathways.     

免疫调节剂SCA对感染血吸虫小鼠诱导的肝病变及纤维化作用的影响

进一步研究免疫调节剂 SCA对感染小鼠诱导的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿病变及血吸虫性纤维化作用的调节动态和分子机制。结果证明 :小鼠感染后 49～ 77d时 ,实验鼠肉芽肿的平均面积和体积均显著小于感染对照鼠 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,实验组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;在感染后 49d和 63 d时 ,实验鼠的 IL-2和 IL-4收稿日期 :2 0 0 3- 0 4 - 0 3基金项目 :江苏省教育厅资金项目 (0 1KJD310 - 0 0 1)作者简介 :骆　伟 (195 4 - ) ,女 ,苏州市人 ,苏州大学医学院寄生虫学教研室副教授 ,主要从事寄生虫感染免疫学方面的研究工作。水平均显著高于对照鼠 ,并均显示相当高水平的 IL-1 0 ;在感染后 77d时 ,实验鼠的 IL-1 0水平显著高于对照鼠 (P <0 .0 5)。表明免疫调节剂 SCA能诱导明显的抗肝内血吸虫卵肉芽肿效应和血吸虫性纤维化作用 ,其分子机制与 CD4 亚群的 Th1型 (IL -2 )和 Th2型 (IL -4和 IL -1 0 )细胞因子应答的调节动态密切相关 ,提示 SCA具有明显的实用价值和应用前景     

子宫内膜炎母牛子宫匀浆IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平

选用正常子宫标本19例和患子宫内膜炎子宫标本66例,并对其进行分类,测定子宫匀浆中细胞因子IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-的含量,探讨IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-变化与子宫内膜炎的关系。结果表明,试验组IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-的含量均高于对照组(<0.05或<0.01),表明子宫内IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-含量变化与母牛子宫有无感染,以及免疫状态密切相关。