不同酶解条件对普通红豆草子叶原生质体分离的影响

以普通红豆草子叶为材料,研究了预处理、酶液组合和渗透压浓度等因子对其原生质体分离效果的影响。结果表明,子叶在含有0．70mol／L甘露醇的CPW溶液中预处理60min,获得的原生质体产量、存活率均高于其他预处理;酶液组合为1．0％纤维素酶＋0．8％果胶酶＋0．5％离析酶,25℃黑暗条件下酶解6h可获得大量有较高活力的原生质体;酶解液中添加浓度为0．55mol／L的甘露醇较适合原生质体分离。     

Proton toxicity interferes with the screening of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for aluminium resistance in nutrient solution

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proved to be very sensitive of low pH (4.3), with large genotypic differences in proton sensitivity. Therefore, proton toxicity did not allow the screening of common bean genotypes for aluminium (Al) resistance using the established protocol for maize (0.5 mM CaCl₂, 8 μM H₃BO₃, pH 4.3). Increasing the pH to 4.5, the Ca²⁺ concentration to 5 mM, and addition of 0.5 mM KCl fully prevented proton toxicity in 28 tested genotypes and allowed to identify differences in Al resistance using the inhibition of root elongation by 20 μM Al supply for 36 h as parameter of Al injury. As in maize, Al treatment induced callose formation in root apices of common bean. Aluminium‐induced callose formation well reflected the effect of Ca supply on Al sensitivity as revealed by root‐growth inhibition. Aluminum‐induced callose formation in root apices of 28 bean genotypes differing in Al resistance after 36 h Al treatment was positively correlated to Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation and Al contents in the root apices. However, the relationship was less close than previously reported for maize. Also, after 12 h Al treatment, callose formation and Al contents in root apices did not reflect differences in Al resistance between two contrasting genotypes, indicating a different mode of the expression of Al toxicity and regulation of Al resistance in common bean than in maize.     

紫花苜蓿草粉对鲤鱼生长性能及鱼体品质的影响

选用750尾规格整齐、体格健壮的黄河鲤鱼,随机分为5组。各组饲粮的苜蓿草粉添加水平分别为0(对照组),50(试验Ⅰ组),100(试验Ⅱ组),150(试验Ⅲ组)和200 g/kg(试验Ⅳ组),研究鲤鱼全价配合饲粮中添加不同水平苜蓿草粉对鲤鱼生长性能、鱼体品质的影响。结果表明,(1)试验Ⅰ组的平均日增重、相对生长率、增重率、饵料系数均优于对照组,尽管差异不显著(P>0.05),但也说明添加50 g/kg苜蓿草粉对鲤鱼生产性能有积极作用;试验Ⅱ组的各项指标稍低于对照组(P<0.05),但显著低于50 g/kg草粉组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)除试验Ⅳ组外,其余试验组的肌肉粗蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除第Ⅰ组外,其余3组的粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明添加苜蓿草粉有助于提高鱼肉品质。(3)经济效益分析表明,添加50 g/kg苜蓿草粉(试验Ⅰ组)的经济效益最好。     

琼海与三亚两地普通野生稻的SSR标记分析

用37个SSR标记分析了新发现的琼海普通野生稻与三亚普通野生稻间的遗传关系。结果表明, SSR位点在三亚普通野生稻居群中的变异较其在琼海普通野生稻居群中的变异高。对琼海普通野生稻与三亚普通 野生稻的聚类分析发现,两者在0．638 5处各聚为1类,由此可知,琼海普通野生稻和三亚普通野生稻之间具有较 大的遗传分化。     

瓯江彩鲤与日本锦鲤及其正反杂交F1形态特征和生长初步研究

对瓯江彩鲤、日本锦鲤及其正反杂交F1采用同塘试验比较生长率，采用聚类分析和判别分析比较分析形态差异。结果表明，正反杂交F1的瞬时增重率低于双亲，而绝对增重率介于双亲之间；正反杂交F1形态性状有的介于双亲之间，有的表现为超亲本优势，有的性状低于双亲的性状值。总体上，日本锦鲤对正反杂交F1的遗传影响明显大于瓯江彩鲤，2个亲本基因的相互作用在遗传过程中也起到了重要的作用。     

双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织结构的影响

以组织学方法,研究了投喂不同含量双低菜籽粕对草鱼和鲤甲状腺、肝、肾组织的影响。结果表明:在试验的前28 d,双低菜籽粕各不同含量的日粮(17%、34%、51%、68%)对草鱼甲状腺、肝脏组织没有影响,但菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼肾小管上皮出现颗粒变性。第42天后,菜籽粕含量为68%的试验组草鱼甲状腺滤泡上皮轻度增生,滤泡结构不规则;菜籽粕含量等于或大于51%的试验组草鱼肝脏出现颗粒变性和空泡变性,肾小球有透明变性,肾脏轻度淤血。在试验的第28天,双低菜籽粕含量等于或大于52.2%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,肝细胞空泡变性,有轻微的肾小球透明变性。第42天后菜籽粕含量等于或大于34.8%的试验组鲤甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的高度增加,滤泡胶质的边缘出现缺刻;肝脏出现淤血,部分肝细胞坏死;肾小球透明变性,肾脏淤血。     

大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼、幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响

【目的】研究大豆抗原蛋白大豆球蛋白(Glycinin)对鲤稚鱼、幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响。【方法】以鱼粉为动物蛋白源,混合油脂(m(玉米油)∶m(鱼油)=1∶1)为脂肪源,糊精、面粉为糖源,分别配制大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin添加量为0(CK),30,60,90,120g/kg的5种等氮(稚鱼、幼鱼饲料粗蛋白分别为400和360g/kg)等能(稚鱼、幼鱼饲料总能分别是16.9和15.2MJ/kg)的试验饲料。分别以初始体质量为(10.12±0.08)g/尾的鲤稚鱼和(116.89±0.13)g/尾的鲤幼鱼为试验对象,在控温单循环养殖系统中,进行为期8周的饲养试验,每组饲料设3个重复,探讨大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼、幼鱼蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响。【结果】在鲤稚鱼和幼鱼的配合饲料中,添加不同比例大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin,导致其肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶活力不同程度下降。其中,鲤稚鱼大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin添加量为30,60,90和120g/kg组的前肠和后肠蛋白酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而30和60g/kg组中肠和肝胰脏蛋白酶活力与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),90和120g/kg组中肠和肝胰脏蛋白酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在鲤幼鱼配合饲料中,当大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin的添加量为30和60g/kg时,前肠和后肠蛋白酶活力与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),90和120g/kg组前肠和后肠蛋白酶活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而30g/kg组中肠蛋白酶活力与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),60,90和120g/kg组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);肝胰脏蛋白酶活力各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼和幼鱼肠道及肝胰脏淀粉酶活力影响不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin添加量为30g/kg时,鲤稚鱼前肠和后肠蛋白酶活力显著下降,添加量为60g/kg时,鲤幼鱼中肠蛋白酶活力显著下降,但大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼和幼鱼淀粉酶活力影响不显著。     

牛胆囊造瘘引流手术研究

本试验旨在摸索胆囊瘘管的造型选材及安装方法，谋求延长瘘管存放时间，并引流出量多质好的胆汁，为胆红素的提取开辟胆源，以满足中成药生产对胆红素的需求。选黄牛６头，用不同的手术安装方法分别安装了３种瘘管，观察了２２天胆汁流量情况及瘘管存放情况。确定了胆囊引流术的较好方法及瘘管的较好造型－Ｃ组。     

Effect of plant density on selection for seed yield in two population types of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Summary Pedigree selection for seed yield, using early generation yield tests, was practiced from the F₂ to F₇ in two populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in three plant densities: 66, 133, and 266 thousand plants ha^-1 at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia. The six highest yielding lines selected from each plant-density, along with 13 parents, were evaluated in a 7×7 lattice design with three replications at the three densities utilized for selection, and at 399,000 plants ha^-1 in 1988 and 1989.Based on the mean performance of selected lines and the mean of the parents, selection for seed yield was effective in all densities in both populations. However, none of the lines selected from the population within the race Mesoamerica (TC 4673) significantly outyielded their best parent under any plant density. The highest yielding lines selected from the interracial population (TR 4635) outyielded their best parent irrespective of the plant-density used for selection. The highest yielding line originated from the highest density used for selection. Low density was neither good for selection nor for evaluation and identification of high-yielding cultivars of common bean. There was no significant difference between the mean yield of lines selected at the intermediate and high population densities. The effects of plant density, year, and their interactions were significant for seed yield.