柴油机电控高压共轨喷油系统的应用

燃油喷射系统作为柴油机的“心脏”,其性能好坏直接影响柴油机的性能和工作可靠性。随着人们对柴油机智能化、强度化、经济性和排放性的要求越来越高,燃油喷射系统的研究也越来越受到重视。未来柴油机必须满足更严格的排放法规,而高压共轨系统具有高度的控制灵活性,其已成为降低柴油机排放的主要核心技术之一。为此,介绍了这种喷油系统的构成、工作原理、特点和现状。     

水牛脾切除术的研究

近3年来成功地作了20例水牛的脾切除术,没有1例因手术而招致死亡。成功地探索出适合于水牛脾切除术的麻醉方法、切口部位和大小、手术操作方法。     

胆汁引流对黑熊健康状况影响的研究

通过三个实验来研究取胆汁对熊的健康状况的影响。首先,比较了取胆汁熊和没有取胆汁熊的健康状态;其次,比较了引流3年以上的熊和没有进行引流熊的健康状况;最后,比较了不同取胆汁方式熊的健康状况。实验证明,引流取胆汁影响了熊的身体健康,其中,引流取胆汁对熊的危害明显,穿刺取胆汁对熊的危害较小。引流取胆汁对熊的健康影响主要体现在易患胆囊炎症、胆结石,还容易发生脂溶性维生素缺乏症状。     

Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States

Weber MJ, Brown ML, Willis DW. Spatial variability of common carp populations in relation to lake morphology and physicochemical parameters in the upper Midwest United States.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 555–565. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a widespread invasive species that is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions. Despite the circumpolar distribution of the species, limited information is available describing factors related to spatial variation in population characteristics. Eighty‐four lakes and impoundments in the upper Midwest United States were sampled to investigate the relationships of common carp relative abundance with size structure, condition and growth rates. We also investigated abiotic factors (lake morphology, physical solids and water quality) that may broadly influence common carp populations. Common carp size structure and condition were inversely related to relative abundance. Common carp relative abundance increased and size structure shifted to smaller individuals with increased lake depth, whereas lake surface area, watershed:surface area ratio and physical solids were also important in explaining common carp abundance and size structure. Common carp condition was best explained by water quality parameters and increased with metrics of lake productivity. We conclude that knowledge of factors associated with variation in common carp populations among lakes provides insights into the autecology and broad provisions for management of this generalist invasive species.     

KHAPLI在小麦抗病育种中的利用

普通小麦(Triticum aeslivum,2n=6x=42)与二粒小麦Khapli (T. dicoccum,2n=4x=28)杂交,因普通小麦品种不同,传递给杂交种的基因数也不同。抗贵白4号、16号和20号小种的两个显性抗白粉病基因,容易遗传给六倍体小麦遗传背景。抗贵白64号小种的可能有1个隐性基因,较难遗传给普通小麦的杂种后代。     

A 9-year monitoring study of diseases on potato seed tubers imported to Israel

Potato seed tubers are imported annually to Israel from northern Europe. Although the seed is registered as certified, a survey carried out over a 9-year period indicated that most lots were affected by latent or active bacterial and fungal infections. Latent infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica, the causal agent of blackleg, at a level of 10³ cells/g peel, was present in 30% of the lots in most years. Black scurf caused byRhizoctonia solani was present in 20–70% of the imported lots, with a moderate to high level of infection in all years except 1985. In contrast, although many lots were affected by powdery scab, common scab, and Fusarium dry rot in most years, disease incidence within lots was generally low. The gangrene pathogen (Phoma exigua) was rarely detected. The survey findings are of marked importance, due to the extensive use of soil fumigation in Israeli agriculture.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N'-benzoyl-N-(tert-butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 3. Modification of N-tert-butylhydrazine moiety

Nineteen analogues were synthesized by modifying the tert-butylhydrazine moieties of N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide and N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methylchromane-6-carbohydrazide (chromafenozide), and the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura F. While all of the synthesized analogues had insecticidal activity inferior to those of the lead compounds, several of the analogues nonetheless showed high insecticidal activity. Chromafenozide has shown very high selectivity toward lepidopteran species.     

Pancreatic pseudocyst causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog

A 3-year-old Rhodesian Ridgeback was examined because of recurrent pancreatitis of 2 months duration. The dog had signs of abdominal pain and jaundice. Blood biochemical findings were consistent with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, but on abdominal ultrasonography no cause of obstruction was identified. At surgery a pancreatic pseudocyst was found in the body of the pancreas. Cystoduodenostomy, cystic omentalisation and biliary diversion resulted in excellent long-term recovery.     

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus using occluding spring coils

The purpose of this study is to report our initial experience with the use of spring coils to close the patent ductus arteriosus in the dog. There are few large-patient series reported in the veterinary literature. Coil closure was attempted in 15 dogs (median weight, 6.5 kg; range, 1.2 to 38.7 kg) presenting with a patent ductus arteriosus between May 1997 and May 1999. Arterial catheterization followed by angiography was used to decide if coil placement was adequate. A 5- or 8-mm embolization coil, depending on the angiographic diameter of the ductus, was delivered, with 1 loop in the pulmonary arterial side and the remainder of the coil in the aortic side of the duct. Additional coils were used if a residual shunt was present, and closure was confirmed by aortography. Patients were discharged the day after the procedure. Successful coil closure, without residual shunt on angiography, was achieved in 11 of 13 dogs in which coils were released. In 6 dogs, a coil embolized to the pulmonary artery. Four of these dogs had successful closure with multiple coils, and 2 others had surgery. None of these dogs experienced adverse effects. In 2 dogs with conical patent ductus arteriosus >5 mm in minimal diameter, coil closure was not done. We conclude that the patent ductus arteriosus size and anatomical shape are crucial in deciding whether coil closure is the method of choice. In selected cases, coil closure represents an elegant alternative to surgical ligation. Although pulmonary embolism occurred commonly, it did not cause any obvious clinical problem.