Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in Peekapoo dogs following a single intravenous and subcutaneous injection

The present study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur (as measured by ceftiofur and its active metabolites concentrations) in a small-size dog breed, Peekapoo, following a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection of ceftiofur sodium. The study population comprised of five clinically healthy Peekapoo dogs with an average body weight (BW) of 3.4 kg. Each dog received either intravenous or subcutaneous injection, both at 5 mg/kg BW (calculated as pure ceftiofur). Plasma samples were collected at different time points after the administration. Ceftiofur and its active metabolites were extracted from plasma samples, derivatized, and further quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations versus time data were subjected to noncompartmental analysis to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters. The terminal half-life (t_1/2λz) was calculated as 7.40 ± 0.79 and 7.91 ± 1.53 hr following intravenous and subcutaneous injections, respectively. After intravenous treatment, the total body clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady-state (V_SS) were determined as 39.91 ± 4.04 ml hr⁻¹ kg⁻¹ and 345.71 ± 28.66 ml/kg, respectively. After subcutaneous injection, the peak concentration (C_max; 10.50 ± 0.22 μg/ml) was observed at 3.2 ± 1.1 hr, and the absorption half-life (t_1/2ka) and absolute bioavailability (F) were calculated as 0.74 ± 0.23 hr and 91.70%±7.34%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur and its related metabolites demonstrated their quick and excellent absorption after subcutaneous administration, in addition to poor distribution and slow elimination in Peekapoo dogs. Based on the time of concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) values calculated here, an intravenous or subcutaneous dose at 5 mg/kg of ceftiofur sodium once every 12 hr is predicted to be effective for treating canine bacteria with a MIC value of ≤4.0 μg/ml.     

嘧肽·吗啉胍对茄科作物PVYN的防效研究

[目的]明确嘧肽·吗啉胍对马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVYN)在不同茄科植物上的抑制作用.[方法]研究嘧肽·吗啉胍对PVYN在不同茄科作物上的防效,并采用分光光度计法测定植株体内PVYN病毒的浓度.[结果]嘧肽·吗啉胍对不同茄科寄主上的PVYN引起的病毒病害均具有较好的防治效果,可明显降低感病茄科作物体内pVYN的浓度.[结论]试验结果为嘧肽·吗啉胍的推广应用及由pVYN引起的病害防治提供了理论依据.     

食品中甲醛残留量检测方法的比较

对食品中甲醛残留量的两种检测方法进行了比较研究,探讨了不同检测方法对测定结果的影响,并将试验条件进行选择,确定甲醛快速简便的检测方法。研究结果表明,盐酸苯肼法是目前测定食品中甲醛残留量较好的方法,可用于定性与定量分析。     

克伦特罗残留GC-MS检测方法的建立及对自制试纸条性能的确证

建立了猪尿液中盐酸克伦特罗（CL）残留的GC-MS检测方法,并对自主研制的CL残留快速检测免疫金标试纸条（CL-Strip）进行了比较分析。结果表明,GC-MS的检测限为0.5ng/ml,CL-Strip的检测限为1.0ng/ml;CL-Strip与GC-MS两者的加标测定实验结果完全一致;用CL-Strip检测出的100份阴性尿样和18份阳性尿样,与GC-MS检测结果完全一致。说明CL-Strip与GC-MS同样灵敏、准确、稳定,由于CL-Strip具有简便、直观、快速、敏感、特异、准确等优点,建议在CL残留快速检测中推广应用。     

克伦特罗残留GC-MS检测方法的建立及对自制试纸条性能的确证

建立了猪尿液中盐酸克伦特罗(CL)残留的GC-MS检测方法,并对自主研制的CL残留快速检测免疫金标试纸条(CL-Strip)进行了比较分析.结果表明,GC-MS的检测限为0.5ng/ml,CL-Strip的检测限为1.0ng/ml:CL-Strip与GC-MS两者的加标测定实验结果完全一致;用CL-Strip检测出的100份阴性尿样和18份阳性尿样,与GC-MS检测结果完全一致.说明CL-Strip与GC-MS同样灵敏、准确、稳定,由于CL-Strip具有简便、直观、快速、敏感、特异、准确等优点,建议在CL残留快速检测中推广应用.     

盐酸左旋咪唑擦剂驱除猪消化道线虫效果观察

应用１５％盐酸左旋咪唑擦剂对自然感染猪蛔虫,结节虫,类圆线虫,毛首线虫等消化道线虫的猪进行了驱虫试验。结果试验组猪蛔虫虫卵减少率为９９．９％,虫卵转阴率为８５．７％,类圆线虫虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率均为１００％,结节虫分别为９７．６％和３７．５％,毛首线虫分别为２７．３％和１２．５％。     

应用ELISA检测肉猪尿液中盐酸克仑特罗方法的研究

应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)，检测肉猪尿液中盐酸克仑特罗残留，实现了肉猪活体盐酸克仑特罗快速测定。实验结果表明，盐酸克仑特罗的线性范围为200—2000ng/kg，最小检出限为100ng/L,样品不用前处理可直接检测，1个样品的2个平行样测定时间为45min。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫对盐酸氟乙基硫胺素耐药性的诱导

为评估盐酸氟乙基硫胺素产生抗药性的倾向,采用药物浓度递增法,在实验条件下进行柔嫩艾美耳球虫耐药性的诱导研究。每组动物用10只快大黄肉鸡,每只鸡接种1×105个孢子化卵囊,以50 mg/kg盐酸氨丙啉和盐酸氟乙基硫胺素为起始诱导浓度连续传代,以病变记分、存活率和卵囊数三项指标综合判定耐药性。经过10次传代,盐酸氨丙啉对敏感虫株的ACI为192.6,而对耐药虫株的ACI为109.1;经过12次传代,盐酸氟乙基硫胺素对敏感虫株的ACI为197.5,而对耐药虫株的ACI为110.6,对盐酸氨丙啉耐药虫株的ACI为163.2;结果表明成功地诱导出对盐酸氨丙啉、盐酸氟乙基硫胺素完全耐药的虫株。盐酸氟乙基硫胺素产生耐药速度慢于盐酸氨丙啉,与盐酸氨丙啉有部分交叉耐药性。     

响应曲面法优化黄连饮片中盐酸小檗碱提取工艺

目的：优选黄连中盐酸小檗碱提取工艺。方法：以盐酸小檗碱的提取率为指标,采用中心组合设计法,考察溶剂量,提取次数,提取时间,酸水浓度对指标的影响,运用HPLC,测定小檗碱含量。结果：最佳提取工艺为H₂SO₄ 为3%,料液比为1：10,提取3次,每次2h。测定盐酸小檗碱的得率为为8.36%,与预测值8.30%基本相符合,偏差较小。为结论：该工艺稳定,可靠,省时,省材,为黄连中盐酸小檗碱的提取研究提供了实验依据。     

盐酸头孢噻呋注射液对奶牛的安全性研究

试验旨在研究盐酸头孢噻呋注射液对奶牛的安全性。试验选择20头健康泌乳奶牛,随机分成4组,即1×(2.2 mg/kg bw)、3×(6.6 mg/kg bw)、5×(11.0 mg/kg bw)推荐剂量组和0.9%生理盐水对照组,观察用药后奶牛的直肠温度、精神状态以及乳房局部症状等临床症状,并进行血液生理和血清生化指标的测定。结果显示,盐酸头孢噻呋注射液1×、3×、5×推荐剂量组所有试验动物用药后均无明显的不良反应,血液生理和血清生化指标均在正常范围内,表明盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在临床上用于靶动物奶牛是安全的。