奶牛乳腺上皮细胞三维培养的形态观察

利用原代培养后纯化的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,以Matrigel为基质胶原,进行奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的三维培养,细胞接种浓度分别为1×104、1×105和1×106个细胞/mL。经过16d培养后,用DAPI对细胞染色,利用荧光显微镜观察细胞生长状况。结果表明,当细胞接种浓度为1×104～1×105个细胞/mL时,细胞形成了团块状结构,出现了类似腔状的腺泡形态。     

牛乳溶菌酶概述及应用

溶菌酶又称胞壁质酶,广泛存在于自然界的动物、植物及微生物中。具有抗菌消炎、抗病毒、增强免疫力以及促进组织修复等生物学特性。并且应用于食品、饲料、医学及生物工程之中。针对目前临床中,对于奶牛乳房炎广泛大量使用抗生素,并且存在耐药性、药物残留等现象。重组溶菌酶质粒可以作为基因工程药物替代抗生素对乳房炎的防治,并且安全、无残留、无副作用。同时也还有待于进一步的研发和推广。     

Clinical efficacy of diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease of calves

Objective To compare the efficacy of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, diclofenac sodium and flunixin meglumine as adjuncts to the antibiotic treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Procedure We randomly allocated 80 Holstein calves with BRD to three groups. All the calves received a dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin by single subcutaneous injection and two of the groups received, in addition, either 2.5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium as a single intramuscular injection (diclofenac group, n = 30) or 2.2 mg/kg flunixin meglumine as an intravenous injection on the first three consecutive days after tulathromycin administration (flunixin group, n = 30). All calves were given a clinical score prior to initial treatment (day 0) and after treatment (days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14) by observing appetite, demeanour, rectal temperature, the rate and type of respiration, presence or absence of coughing, and nasal discharge. Results During the first 48 h, improvement of adverse signs of respiratory disease, such as pyrexia and elevated respiratory rate, and of a high clinical index score was significant in the two adjunct groups compared with the calves receiving antibiotic alone. The reduction in pyrexia was greatest in the diclofenac group. There were no statically significant differences between treatment groups with regard to eventual perceived recovery from respiratory disease in 14 days. Conclusion In this trial, a single intramuscular dose of diclofenac sodium was equally effective as three intravenous injections of flunixin meglumine given on consecutive days as adjunctive therapy for BRD.     

CASE REPORT: Corneal papilloma associated with papillomavirus in a one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

A 15‐year‐old male dromedary camel with a history of chronic severe keratoconjunctivitis and corneal mass in the left eye of 6 months’ duration was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Adnan Menderes University. A superficial keratectomy was performed and biopsy material submitted for histopathology. The diagnosis was corneal papilloma. There has been no recurrence of the neoplasm to date (6 months, 1 year). Corneal papilloma has not been reported previously in camels and seems to be associated with papillomavirus.     

牛输卵管上皮细胞培养的研究

用０．７６％的ＥＤＴＡ分离剥取输卵管上皮细胞是一种好的试剂，１０％胎牛血清（ＦＣＳ）ＴＣＭ－１９９培养其上皮细胞，５－６ｄ即可生长成单层，寿命可延至３－４周，共同培养从第７天开始，其囊胚发育率显著高于与颗粒细胞共同培养。     

Fumonisin B1 Metabolism by Bovine Liver Microsomes

Only limited and contrasting information is available about the metabolic fate in cattle of fumonisin B₁, a mycotoxin produced by moulds of Fusarium. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatic metabolism of fumonisin B₁ by bovine liver microsomes. No biodegradation or metabolization of the mycotoxin by liver microsomes was detectable after incubating fumonisin B₁ with bovine microsomes in the presence of a regenerating system for 1 h. No aminopolyol 1, aminopolyol 2 or aminopentol, metabolites of fumonisin B₁, were detected in any of the incubated samples. The tolerance of ruminants to fumonisin B₁ is apparently not dependent on its detoxification in the rumen.     

Sex Determination of Bovine Embryo Biopsies Using in situ Hybridization*

A male specific bovine DNA fragment was used as probe to determine the sex of bovine interphase cells by in situ hybridization. This method also proved useful for determining the sex of bovine embryos.     

Morphology of Day-7 Bovine Demi-Embryos and their Post-transfer Viability*

Day 7 bovine embryos were microsurgically bisected and replaced into surrogate zonae pellucidae. They were fixed immediately after bisection and at various intervals of in vitro incubation at 35 °C in modified Dulbecco's medium. At the light microscopical level, the bisected embryos restored the prebisection morphology within 30 min. after splitting. The electron microscopy confirmed these findings, suggesting that day 7 bovine demi-embryos for transfer purposes, should be cultured for 30 min before morphologically evaluated. Eleven pairs of bisected day 7 bovine embryos were transferred to 11 synchronized heifers. The recipient heifers were slaughtered at day 15, and the recovered embryos evaluated. Nine of the demi-embryos developed to morphologically, normal spherical to elongated, embryos.     

Mastitis Whey — a Good Medium for Bacteria?

Growth of mastitis pathogenic bacteria was measured in bovine whey samples by a turbidometric microtechnique. Whey from mastitis cows supported growth as compared with whey prepared from normal milk. Blood proteins leak into milk during mastitis. A study was undertaken to analyze which molecules from blood would promote bacterial growth in whey Fractions containing hemoglobin showed a distinct growth-promoting effect. An inadequate iron supply is one of the restricting growth factors for bacteria in milk. By utilizing heme-compounds the pathogens can by-pass the effect of antimicrobial iron-binding present in milk in the form of lactoferrin.     

An oculo-cerebellar syndrome caused by congenital bovine viral diarrhoea virus-infection

An epizootic characterized by birth of calves severly ataxic and blind were encountered in 3 herds 7–8 months after outbreaks of bovine virus diarrhoea. Serological and virological investigations indicated introduction of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) into previously virus-free herds, followed by transplacental virus infection of the fetuses of cows in the first trimester. Clinical, pathological, serological, and microbiological examinations were performed on 10 calves. Pathological findings included microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, ocular malformations, and thymic hypoplasia. BVDV was isolated from tissue and blood of 7 calves, and 4 calves, 1 of which had not received colostrum, had virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.This is the first report on natural occurrence of congenital bovine infection with BVDV among Danish cattle herds resulting in abortion and birth of calves with severe debilitating congenital anomalies. It draws attention to the importance of this virus for bovines of all age groups.