景观生态学研究进展

景观生态学研究的焦点问题是景观结构、景观动态与景观功能.综述了景观格局、景观动态、景观异质性、景观尺度与景观功能的研究现状,并探讨了景观生态学理论的最新应用领域,展望了景观生态学的研究方向.     

引入冗余函数的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案

提出了一种新的基于椭圆曲线的消息恢复签名方案,方案中引入了冗余函数,并对其安全性进行了分析,发现该方案能有效防止伪造攻击.同时该方案具有通信成本低、通信速度快、安全性高等特点,适合小型身份认证系统.     

山西省冬小麦水分生产函数模型初步分析

依据山西省潇河、利民、浮驮河、小樊灌溉试验站1979～1988年的冬小麦灌溉资料,采用多年综合调参法,求出了Jensen、Minhas、Blank、Stewart及Singh模型的参数,并通过对该5种模型拟合方程的拟合精度以及计算产量与实测产量相关性的对比分析,分别得出了潇河、利民、浮驮河及小樊四地的适宜的冬小麦水分生产函数。     

L-选择素分子结构及功能的研究进展

近 1 0年来 ,由于分子生物学及相关学科的理论和技术的飞速发展 ,使得对L 选择素的分子结构、分子功能的研究更加深入。就其分子结构而言目前已经完全清楚 ,而功能与其相应的问题仍在研究和探索之中。作为受体的选择素 ,其功能的实现是在其与相应的配体结合之后。表达与调节是在细胞因子、炎症介质以及其他因素的作用下 ,细胞表面黏附分子表达的水平和构型可以发生改变 ,以调节免疫平衡。L 选择素通过白细胞表面的Ca2 依赖的凝集素结构域和胞内小片段激活酪氨酸酶p56lck和ras的信号途径进行跨膜信号转导。活化依赖和活化独立的脱落、生理和病理意义及基因改造对功能的影响等方面目前仍在进一步的研究之中     

3R在免疫功能评价实验中应用的研究

利用实验中有共性的程序和个性特点来进行组合式设计的方法,对某受试的保健食品进行免疫功能的测定。结果用 160 只小鼠就完成了 8 个项目 9 项指标的实验。表明采用组合式设计的方法,既可以完成免疫实验所要求的各项指标,又达到减少和优化的目的。     

水分和N胁迫下玉米杂交种的抗逆性及综合评价

通过水分和N胁迫下玉米不同杂交种抗旱耐瘠性的试验研究,选择与抗逆性密切相关的9个性状的抗逆系数、抗逆指数为指标,以各指标隶属度为评定标准,分析评价参试品种的抗逆性。结果表明:黔玉3号、黔2599、遵玉3号、黔2411、贵毕302、中单2号和兴黄单89-2的抗逆性表现较好,黔单10号、黔西4号、安单136、黔2451和黔玉1号表现较差。以产量抗逆系数、产量抗逆指数、各性状抗逆系数隶属度及各性状抗逆指数隶属度4个参数进行综合鉴定评价,均得出了基本一致的结果,表明这些参数指标可以作为玉米抗逆性的有效评价参数。     

生物多样性在害虫控制中的生态功能与机理

生态学的有害生物治（EBPM）或生态管理（EPM）是新世纪农业有害生物防治的新对策。应用系统工程的原理和方法改变农田生态系统生物多样性,进行害虫生态控制将越来越受到人们的重视。通过农田生态系统生物多样性、调节农田生态系统多样性对天敌和害虫的影响以及生物多样性控制害虫的机制及生物多样性在害虫生态控制中的利用前景4个方面,论述农田生态系统生物多样性在害虫控制中的生态功能与机理。     

Preparation and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Dimers with Different Sequences

As a popular marine saccharide, chitooligosaccharides (COS) has been proven to have good antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant effect is closely related to its degree of polymerization, degree of acetylation and sequence. However, the specific structure–activity relationship remains unclear. In this study, three chitosan dimers with different sequences were obtained by the separation and enzymatic method, and the antioxidant activity of all four chitosan dimers were studied. The effect of COS sequence on its antioxidant activity was revealed for the first time. The amino group at the reducing end plays a vital role in scavenging superoxide radicals and in the reducing power of the chitosan dimer. At the same time, we found that the fully deacetylated chitosan dimer DD showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity. When the amino groups of the chitosan dimer were acetylated, it showed better activity in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Research on COS sequences opens up a new path for the study of COS, and is more conducive to the investigation of its mechanism.     

基于RWEQ模型的茫崖市防风固沙功能评估及敏感地类识别

为了较准确评估茫崖市的防风固沙功能,识别对防风固沙功能敏感的土地利用类型,通过4种方法确定修正风蚀模型(RWEQ)中的气候因子(WF)参数,计算出实际风蚀量和防风固沙量,依据指南法、自然间断法和文献—实际结合法对防风固沙功能进行了评估分级,借助ArcGIS软件将土地利用类型和防风固沙功能进行空间叠置分析以识别出敏感地类。结果表明：(1)利用风蚀气候因子(Fq)直接代替法确定的WF空间分布和阈值范围最符合实际,RWEQ模型能较准确地评估荒漠戈壁区茫崖市的防风固沙功能;(2)茫崖市2014年平均风蚀模数为57.99 kg/(m²·a),属于风力侵蚀严重区域,2014年全市单位面积防风固沙量介于0～44.93 kg/m²,防风固沙功能整体较弱;(3)在3种评估分级方法中,文献—实际结合法更为详细地反映出2014—2018年茫崖市西南山区较强的防风固沙功能,且高等级功能的区域范围较广;(4)草地是茫崖市2014—2018年对防风固沙功能变化最敏感的土地利用类型。RWEQ模型有效评估了茫崖市的防风固沙功能,并识别出了敏感的土地利用类型。本研究为县级地区...     

Studying the function of ecosystem in preventing aeolian dust emission in the dryland areas of China

Aeolian dust emissions can cause many environmental hazards, like accelerating land degradation and desertification, polluting air, harming human health, and so on. The dryland areas of China (DAC) are hot spots of aeolian dust emissions. To date, many efforts have been paid to researching dust emissions processes and effects, but research studies on ecosystems' function in preventing dust emissions are still very limited. In this study, we investigated the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions, and the corresponding driving factors through integrated wind erosion modelling system (IWEMS) modelling. The main results indicate that: (1) from 2001 to 2020, the ecosystems of DAC prevented the emission of dust ~40,554 Tg, approximately 15 times as much as the total actual dust emission (~2776 Tg); (2) the function of DAC ecosystems in preventing dust emissions was relatively strong in spring and winter; (3) grassland ecosystems had the strongest function in preventing dust emissions among all the land cover types, avoiding the emission of dust ~20,857 Tg over 2001–2020; (4) dust emission prevention function provided by the DAC ecosystems benefits almost every region of China, which provides a theoretical basis for formulating ecological compensation policies; and (5) the changes in dust emissions were dominated by wind speed in most areas of DAC.