Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against canine trypsin

Canine cationic trypsin was purified by salting-out, gel filtration and affinity chromatography. Purity was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular weight was ca. 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE.

Thirty hybridomas were obtained which produced mAb to canine cationic trypsin by the cell fusion technique. Twenty-two of these recognized cationic trypsin only, while eight hybridomas recognized both cationic and anionic trypsin. Several of the anti-canine cationic trypsin mAb were purified by salting-out and DEAE ion-change chromatography using ascites fluid of immunized BALB/c mice. The mAb proved to have very high specificity to canine cationic trypsin as shown by immunoblotting and it may be possible to use them to develop clinical assays.     

Development of Immune Response to Experimental Bovine Trichophyton vervucosum Infection

Abstract— Cell mediated and humoral immune responses to experimental Trichophyton verrucosum infection were assessed by sequential cutaneous biopsies, antibody assessments and microscopic monitoring of fungal presence. Histopathologic examination showed the accrual of lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells in the dermis of infected sites. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with monoclonal antibody preparations revealed an influx of macrophages, BoCD4+ and B0CD8+ lymphocytes and γδ T cells from the 5th day to the 33rd day of infection. A moderate influx of B cells was observed. Protein G-colloidal gold staining revealed the presence of immunoglobulins in the dermis and superficial epidermal layers. Trichophyton specific serum antibodies appeared between days 33 and 55. Microscopic assessment of infected tissues revealed an increase in T, verrucosum elements (mycelium and ectothrix spores) from days 19 to 55. Fungal elements in infected areas did not decrease until after both humoral and cell mediated elements of the immune response were established. These responses imply a combination of cell mediated and humoral events were associated with T. verrucosum immunity and clearance in the calf. Résumé— Le réponse immunitaire humorale et cellulaire a une infection expérimentale àT. verrucosum a été appréciée par des biospsies cutanées successives, des dosages d'anticorps et la recherche microscopique de champignons. L'examen histopathologique a montré un afflux de lymphocytes et d'autres cellules inflammatoires dane le derme des sites infectés. Les marquages en immunopéroxydase par un anticorps monoclonal de coupes congelées a montré un influx de macrophages, lymphocytes BoCD4+ et BoCD8+ et des cellules T γδ, du 5e au 33e jour de l'infection. Un marquage par une protéine G—or colloidal a révélé d'immunogolglobulines dans le derme et les couches supéerficielles de l'épiderme. Les anticorps spécifiques de Trichophyton sont apparus entre 33 et 55 jours. L'examen microscopique des tissus infectés a révélé une augmentation du nombre d'éléments de T. verrucosum (mycelium et spores ectothrix) du 19e au 55e jours. Les éléments fongiques dans les zones infectées n'ont pas diminué avant que les réponses humorales et cellulaires ne solent établies. Ces résponses impliquent qu'une coopération des réponses humorales et cellulaires étaient associées dans l'immunité et la défense contre T. verrucosum. Zusammenfassung— Die zellvermittelten und humoralen Immunantworten auf die experimentelle Infektion mit T. verrucosum wurden durch eine Serie von Hautbiopsien, Antikörperuntersuchungen und mikroskopischer Untersuchung auf das Vorhandensein von Pilzen ausgewertet. Die histopathologische Untersuchung zeigte eine Ansammlung von Lymphozyten und anderen Entzündungszellen in der Dermis der infizierten Stellen. Die Immunperoxidasefärbung der Gefrierschnitte mit monoklonalen Antikörperzubereitungen zeigte einen Influx von Makrophagen, BoCd4-und BoCD8-Lymphozyten und gamma-delta-T-Zellen vom 5. bis zum 33. Tag der Infektion. Es wurde auch ein mäßiger Influx von B-Zellen beobachtet. Die Protein-G-kolloidale Goldfärbung zeigte die Anwesenheit von Immunglobulinen in der Dermis und den oberflächlichen epidermalen Schichten. Trichophyton-spezifische Serumantikörper traten zwischen Tag 33 und 55 auf. Die mikroskopische Untersuchung infizierter Gewebe zeigte eine Zunahme von T. verrucosum-Bestandteilen (Myzel und exktothrixe Sporen) vom Tag 19 bis 55. Pilzteile in infizierten Bereichen verminderten sich weder, nachdem humorale, noch nachdem zellvermittelte Elemente der Immunantwort auftraten. Diese Reaktionen deuten an, daß eine Kombination von zellvermittelten und humoralen Vorgängen im Zusammenhang mit T. verrucosum-Immumtät und Abheilung beim Kalb vorliegt. Resumen Por medio de biposias cutáneas secuenciales, medida de anticuerpos y exámen microscópico de presencia de hongos, se estudió la respuesta inmunitaria de tipo humoral y celular producida por la infección experimental con T. verrucosum. El exámen histopatológico reveló la presencia de agregación de linfocitos y otras células inflamatorias procedentes de la dermis de los puntos infectados. La tintura por medio de inmunoperoxidasa de las secciones congeladas, con preparaciones monoclonales de anticuerpos, demostró un aflujo de macrófagos BoCD4 + y BoCD8 + linfocitos y linfocitos, Tαδ, desde el quinto hasta el día 33 la infección. También se observó un aflugo moderado de linfocitos B. La tintura aúrica de proteina coloidal G reveló la presencia de inmunoglobulinas en al dermis y capas superficiales de la epidermis. Los anticuerpos específicos para la especie Trichophyton aparecieron entre los días 33 y 55. El exámen microscópico de los tejidos afectados demostró un incremento, de los elementos füngicos T. verrucosum (micelio y esporas exótricas) desde los días 19 al 55. Los elementos fúngicos en áreas infectadas no disminuyeron hasta después del establecimiento de ambos tipos de respuesta inmunitaria, humoral y celular. Estas respuestas implican que la combinación de ciertos fenómenos de inmunidad celular y humoral, están relacionados con la desaparición y la inmunidad de la infección producia por T. verrucosum en el ternero.     

Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to the M serotype of plum pox potyvirus

A monoclonal antibody to an Albanian isolate of plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was obtained (MAbAL), that specifically recognized strain M of this virus. The specificity of MAbAL, assessed by comparative ELISA on 130 PPV isolates of different geographical origin, 22 of which were also tested by comparative IC-PCR, gave consistent and highly reproducible results. MAbAL seems to be elicited by a stable surface determinant that makes it particularly suitable for successful use under a wide range of conditions. MAbAL is an useful addition to the panel of PPV-specific MAbs available to date.     

Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations

This study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH-NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV-IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH-NAbs isotypes (KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG and KLH-IgA) and NDV-IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non-genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH-NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG. Results from this study indicate that non-genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.     

人工雌性激素己烯雌酚单克隆抗体的制备及表征

合成了己烯雌酚的半抗原CP-DES,并将半抗原与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联制备免疫原和包被原。将免疫好的Balb/c小鼠脾脏细胞和SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选出了1株能稳定分泌己烯雌酚单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2D87C412C7。分析该杂交瘤细胞的染色体,并以间接酶联免疫吸附分析法(iELISA)检测了单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白的类型。获得的杂交瘤细胞的平均染色体数目为45-50对左右,它分泌IgG1亚类的单克隆抗体。该细胞株体外传代和冻存复苏后抗体分泌稳定,细胞上清效价大于640,诱导腹水效价大于108,该单克隆抗体的检测限IC20=2.3ng/ml,与己烯雌酚结构类似物存在一定的交叉反应,与两种载体蛋白(BSA,OVA)无交叉反应。本研究为己烯雌酚ELISA检测方法的建立提供了条件。     

分泌抗BVDV McAb杂交瘤细胞株的建立

用牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）感染ＭＤＢＫ细胞,将感染细胞培养物冻融后离心取上汪经ＰＥＧ沉淀浓缩抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,取血清抗体效价高遥免疫鼠的脾细胞与ＳＰ２／Ｏ细胞在ＰＥＧ作用下融合,产生杂交瘤细胞,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测杂交瘤细胞生长孔上清,筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株。以有限稀法克隆２－３次,得到８ 泌抗ＢＶＤＶ的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）杂交瘤细胞株。８株ＭｃＡｂ对ＢＶＤＶ,猪瘟均呈阳性反应。杂交     

抗李斯特菌特异单抗试剂的研制及应用

用１％福尔马林灭活单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Ｌｉｓｔｅｒｉａｍｏｎｏｃｙｔｏｇｅｎｅｓ）Ｇ１９５１３０ｍｉｎ制成免疫原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，利用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，获得３株高度特异的针对单核细胞增生李斯特菌、无害李斯特菌和格氏李斯特菌的单克隆抗体，分别命名为ＬＪ１０Ａ、ＬＢ５、ＬＭ１１。选择其中１株ＬＪ１０Ａ作为包被抗体和酶标抗体，建立了快速、敏感、特异的检测该菌的单抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。该方法对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的最小检出量为５×１０５，模拟样品能检出５００ｃｆｕ／ｋｇ样品，且４０ｈ内能报告结果。通过检测２４０份肉样和８５０份奶样并与常规方法平行相比较，该方法的敏感性和特异性分别达到１００％和９６．９％。     

三甲氧苄氨嘧啶单克隆抗体制备以及酶联免疫试剂盒的研究

[目的]探讨系统地检测水质中三甲氧苄氨嘧啶残留量的方法。[方法]通过三甲氧苄氨嘧啶与马来酸酐反应,得到三甲氧苄氨嘧啶半抗原,再通过免疫动物得到抗三甲氧苄氨嘧啶单克隆抗体,并将其应用于能够检测水质中三甲氧苄氨嘧啶残留量的ELISA试剂盒。[结果]试验表明,该试剂盒对水质中三甲氧苄氨嘧啶的检测限为2.34μg/kg,IC50(50%抑制浓度)为4.8μg/L,回收率为60.5%~79.7%,试剂盒的标准曲线范围为0~80μg/L,批内、批间的相对标准偏差均小于10%,三甲氧苄氨嘧啶单克隆抗体与二甲氧苄氨嘧啶的交叉反应率小于1%,4℃下能够保存12个月,稳定性较好。[结论]研究可为监管三甲氧苄氨嘧啶的滥用提供参考。     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以纯化复性的猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)Cap重组蛋白作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,获得了3株分泌PCV2-Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7,其染色体平均数为98～103,间接ELISA检测3株细胞培养上清效价分别为1:3125、1:3125、1:15625,小鼠腹水效价分别为1:390000、1:390000、1:1950000.ELISA结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G87F仅与融合表达的PCV2-Cap蛋白反应,而与PET-32a载体表达的蛋白不反应.相加ELISA结果显示3株单克隆抗体对应两个不同的病毒抗原位点.间接免疫荧光结果显示,1C7A4、4F3F5和4G8F7能与PCV2发生反应,而不与PCV1发生交叉反应.结果表明所获得的3株单抗是PCV2型特异性的,为PCV1和PCV2鉴别诊断方法的建立奠定了基础.     

基于纳米材料电化学免疫传感器检测禽呼肠孤病毒研究

【目的】构建一种用于检测禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)的新型电化学免疫传感器。【方法】将石墨烯(G)和甲壳胺(Chi)分散在乙酸溶液中得到均匀的混合物后,加入HAuCl4溶液于80℃还原成金纳米粒子（AuNPs）,得到石墨烯-甲壳胺-金纳米粒子(G-Chi-AuNPs)纳米复合物。将石墨烯(G)和甲壳胺(Chi)分散在乙酸溶液中得到均匀的混合物后,先加入AgNO3溶液于80℃还原成银纳米粒子（AgNPs）,再加入禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体(ARV-MAb),得到石墨烯-甲壳胺-银纳米粒子-禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体（G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb）纳米复合物。将G-Chi- AuNPs纳米复合物修饰金电极作为传感器平台,固定待检测样品,然后加入G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物,并对G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物的孵育时间进行优化,构建了ARV电化学免疫传感器。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对禽流感（H5N1、H3N6和H9N2亚型）、新城疫病毒（NDV）、喉气管炎病毒（LTV）、传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）和传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)进行检测,以确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的特异性。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对106.5-100.5 TCID50/mL的病毒进行检测,以确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的敏感性试验。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对临床样品进行检测,其确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的实用性。【结果】所建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器,G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物的最佳孵育时间为40 min。当检测的样品为阳性时,ARV与ARV-MAb特异结合,G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物被固定到电极的表面使其线性伏安曲线出现AgNPs的氧化峰;当检测样品为阴性时,其线性伏安曲线不出现AgNPs的氧化峰。特异性结果表明,所建立的方法仅对ARV的检测为阳性（出现AgNPs的氧化峰）,而对非目标禽流感（H5N1、H3N6和H9N2亚型）、NDV、LTV、IBV和 IBDV的检测为阴性（不出现AgNPs的氧化峰）。敏感性结果表明,所构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,具有很高的敏感性,对ARV检测的敏感性达101.5 TCID50/mL。使用建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器对22份临床样品进行检测,结果与病毒分离方法相符。【结论】所建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器,具有特异性强、敏感度高及快速的特点,为有效检测诊断禽呼肠孤病毒提供了一种新的快速检测诊断技术。