蜡梅花香及花色色素成分的初步研究

采用顶空固相微萃取吸附6个蜡梅基因型鲜花的香气成分,用色谱/质谱联用仪分析鉴定。结果共检出45个成分,其中鉴定了37个,只有18个共同出现在6个样品中。帖烯在花香中起主导作用,其中反式β-罗勒烯和芳樟醇的含量丰富,另外苯环型化合物乙酸苄酯也在花香成分中占有大的比重。但是各个主要组分在不同的基因型中相对含量差异很大,结果表明不同蜡梅基因型的花香成分存在质和量的变化。此外,选取在颜色表现性状上具有代表性的蜡梅中、内被片,通过一系列的颜色反应和紫外-可见光光度计在200~600nm范围内的扫描光谱分析。结果表明:蜡梅花色色素主要是黄酮类化合物,含有橙酮或/和查耳酮、二氢黄酮或/和二氢黄酮醇及具有邻二酚羟基的黄酮类物质,可能含有黄酮、黄酮醇、异黄酮;杏黄色和黄绿色的花被片(包括中被片和内被片)中还含有微量的叶绿素a,而其他色泽的花被片中不含有叶绿素a;乔种和红心类蜡梅的内被片中还含有花色素及其苷类,且颜色的深浅与其花色素及苷类的含量呈正相关。     

玉米矮花叶病毒源鉴定和受侵叶片的超微结构

利用生物接种、血清学反应和电子显微镜观察等方法,对大田发生的玉米矮花叶病毒源进行了鉴定。利用超薄切片系统研究了玉米受MDMV侵染后超微结构的变化。在细胞质中观察到风轮状、卷叶状、束状、圆柱状内含体和简单的囊泡到高度卷曲的膜系统。受侵细胞产生两种不同类型的胞间连丝,a型为正常胞间连丝,b型的胞间连丝伸出指状突起,这可能是细胞限制病毒在寄主体内运转的一种结构。壁旁体的出现与寄主细胞壁加厚及封闭胞间连丝有关。     

中外烤烟烟叶中挥发性香气物质的对比分析

以河南、湖南、云南、贵州、吉林与津巴布韦烤烟烟叶为材料,采用美国HP5890Ⅱ-5972气质联用仪定性、内标定量法对国内不同香气风格烤烟与津巴布韦烤烟烟叶中中性挥发性香气物质组成和含量进行了对比分析。结果表明:在所检测出的29种中性挥发性致香物质中,津巴布韦烤烟烟叶中12种香气物质含量最高,其中11种明显高于国内烟叶,如3,4-二甲基-2,5-呋喃二酮、2-乙酰基吡咯、巨豆三烯酮(A、B、C、D)、2-壬烯醛、螺岩兰草酮等,其烤烟烟叶质量和风格表现出显著的焦甜香气息,香气浓郁。国内河南、湖南等浓香风格烤烟内茄酮、糠醛、糠醇、乙酰基呋喃、2-乙酰基吡咯等西柏烷类降解产物和棕色化反应产物含量较高;云南等清香型烤烟中β-大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮等类胡萝卜素类降解产物含量较高。     

邢台市地下水动态变化及其致灾效应分析

根据1985-2007年的邢台地区地下水埋深数据、近10年地下水环境质量数据以及近37年的气象数据,运用arcGIS9.2,结合线性回归法、相关性分析、5年滑动平均法等,在分析地下水位动态变化的基础上,进一步分析此种变化的致灾效应.结果表明:邢台平原区浅层地下水以0.89m/a的速率下降,年内与降雨变化同步,深层地下水...     

Potassium fixation of some calcareous soils after short term extraction with different solutions

This investigation was done to determine the release of potassium (K) from five calcareous soils of southern Iran using 0.025 M CaCl₂, HCl and citric acid during six successive extractions and to study the K fixation capacity of the soils after K release experiment. Mineralogical study indicated that Vertisols and Mollisols were dominated with smectites; while other soils had illite, chlorite, palygorskite and smectite. Results indicated that citric acid extracted more K than CaCl₂ and HCl (137 vs. 111 and 113 mg kg^?1, respectively). The analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and K concentrations in the solutions suggests that the exchange of K with soluble Ca and Mg (originated from dissolution of carbonates by acidic solutions) is the main mechanism of K release, but citrate is able to dissolve K-bearing minerals and release K in slightly calcareous soils. Soils with more illite released more K. Potassium fixation capacity of soils increased after extractions of soils with different extractants from 324 to 471 mg kg^?1, with no significant difference. It is suggested to apply more K fertilizers in K-depleted calcareous soils and use of different solutions for extracting K from soil minerals may be a temporary and short term solution.     

Retrospective analysis of nonradiation complications in dogs undergoing radiation therapy

Dogs receiving radiation can develop complications unrelated to the radiation treatment. No study to date has described these complications in clinical patients undergoing multiple radiation therapy treatments. The purpose of this retrospective case‐control study was to characterize the incidence and type of complications that occur in these dogs. A secondary goal was to evaluate whether patient and treatment characteristics could be identified to predict the risk of these complications. Medical records of 268 dogs receiving at least one radiation treatment at a single institution, between September, 2004 and June, 2007 were reviewed. Age, breed, gender, body weight, tumor type, tumor location, number of treatments, pre‐treatment blood work abnormalities, and whether chemotherapy, glucocorticoids, or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were given were collected. Number, type, and severity of nonradiation complications were recorded. Complications attributed to the tumor or to the radiation were excluded. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with development of a complication. General anesthesia was used for all treatments. Complications occurred in 101 (37%) cases including diarrhea, vomiting, cough, and loss of appetite, which were typically mild. Seventeen dogs (6%) developed severe complications. Eight dogs (3%) died from their complication. Dogs that developed complications were younger, received more treatments, had leukocytosis, received glucocorticoids, and were less likely to have thrombocytopenia. On multivariate analysis, number of treatments and leukocytosis were significantly associated with complications. Findings indicate that nonradiation complications are common in dogs receiving radiotherapy under general anesthesia. In this population, complications were usually mild or self‐limiting.