富阳市湿地资源现状分析与保护对策研究

采用遥感卫片判读和野外人工调查相结合的方法,调查得出富阳市各类湿地的面积数量和空间分布,并进一步分析湿地的成因、水源补给和受威胁状况,提出加强湿地宣传教育、提高全社会的湿地保护意识,完善地方法规、加强湿地综合管理和建立完善的湿地监测体系等相应的保护对策.     

黑龙江省湿地现状及湿地监测体系建设构想

黑龙江省是我国湿地大省，具有丰富的湿地资源，拥有各类湿地434万hm2。黑龙江省湿地监测体系由三级机构组成：黑龙江省湿地监测中心，地（市）级湿地监测站，县（区）级湿地监测点。     

绍兴镜湖国家城市湿地公园生态环境特征和保护对策

健康的城市湿地生态系统,是城市生态安全体系的重要组成部分和城市社会经济可持续发展的重要基础。因此,作为大绍兴城市中的镜湖国家城市湿地公园,对城市生态系统建设具有重要的意义。笔者分析了镜湖国家城市湿地公园的生态特征,并提出了保护对策。     

淮河流域(安徽段)主要湿地维管植物研究

淮河流域(安徽段)主要湖泊湿地维管植物有68科165属259种;科、属、种分别占全省维管植物科的30.2%、属的13.4%、种的7.1%。包含5种以上的11个较大科构成了淮河流域湿地植物的主体,其中禾本科和莎草科种类最多。区系分布区类型:蕨类植物主要有4种分布区类型,世界分布为主要类型;种子植物属有14种分布类型,其中温带分布类型占总属数的38.4%,该区湿地维管植物具有典型温带性质。湿地植物资源包括食品类,工业原料类,绿肥类,观赏类,环保类及种质资源类等。     

水生植物在济南地区的引种应用初报

近几年水生植物作为一种别具特色的植物种类,在生态园林城市建设中发挥着重要的作用。笔者结合在济南地区进行水生植物的引种栽培和应用,总结了适合济南地区的水生植物品种,并从济南的城市特色及水生植物的功能特点出发,阐述了水生植物在济南生态城市建设中的作用,以及济南发展水生植物的可行性、必要性,同时对科学持续的发展提出了一些建设性意见。     

Bacterial community structure of nirK-bearing denitrifiers and the development of properties of soils in created mitigation wetlands

We investigated the abundance and genetic heterogeneity of bacterial nitrite reductase genes (nir) and soil structural properties in created and natural freshwater wetlands in the Virginia piedmont. Soil attributes included soil organic matter (SOM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, gravimetric soil moisture (GSM), and bulk density (D_b). A subset of soil attributes were analyzed across the sites, using euclidean cluster analysis, resulting in three soil condition (SC) groups of increasing wetland soil development (i.e., SC1 < SC2 < SC3; less to more developed or matured) as measured by accumulation of TOC, TN, the increase of GSM, and the decrease of D_b. There were no difference found in the bacterial community diversity between the groups (p = 0.4). NirK gene copies detected ranged between 3.6 × 10⁴ and 3.4 × 10⁷ copies g⁻¹ soil and were significantly higher in the most developed soil group, SC3, than in the least developed soil group, SC1. However, the gene copies were lowest in SC2 that had a significantly higher soil pH (~6.6) than the other two SC groups (~5.3). The same pattern was found in denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) on a companion study where DEA was found negatively correlated with soil pH. Gene fragments were amplified and products were screened by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Among 146 different T-RFs identified, fourteen were dominant and together made up more than 65% of all detected fragments. While SC groups did not relate to whole nirK communities, most soil properties that identified SC groups did significantly correlate to dominant members of the community.     

湿地生态系统价值评价方法研究

较为系统地介绍了湿地生态系统价值的评价方法,并指出它们的优缺点和适用条件,对今后的湿地生态系统价值评价研究有重要的指导意义。     

升金湖消落带植被特征及与土壤特性的关系

探讨湖泊湿地土壤特性对植物多样性的影响,对于理解湿地植被分布及功能的维持机制具有重要意义.在安徽升金湖消落带沿水位梯度设立研究样方,测定植物的盖度、地上生物量以及土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷等指标,并结合Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了土壤特性对植物多样性的影响.结果表明,随着地下水位上升,土壤含水量与全氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量显著降低(P<0.05).土壤有机碳、全磷含量以及C?N与土壤含水量极显著负相关(P<0.001),土壤全氮、N?P以及C?P与土壤含水量极显著正相关(P<0.001).土壤含水量、土壤全氮含量以及C?P和N?P是影响消落带植被物种多样性变化的关键因子,共同解释了变化的91.85％.总之,土壤含水量可以直接影响消落带植物多样性,也可以通过改变土壤中氮元素的转化和磷元素的有效性间接影响物种多样性.     

Effects of silvicultural activity on ecological processes in floodplain forests of the southern United States: a review of existing reports

Activities associated with timber harvesting have occurred within floodplain forests in the southern United States for nearly two hundred years. However, it is only in the last ten years that any information has become available about the effects of harvesting on the ecological functions of this valuable resource. Hydrology is the driving influence behind all ecological processes in floodplains, and timber harvesting alone usually has little long-term effect on hydroperiod. However, logging roads, built in association with harvest sites, can sometimes alter hydroperiod to the extent that vegetation productivity is raised or lowered. There is no evidence that harvesting followed by natural regeneration represents a threat to ground or surface water quality on flood plain sites, as long as “best management practices” are followed. Harvested floodplains may increase or have little effect on decomposition rates of surface organic matter. The nature of the effect seems to be controlled by site wetness. Data from recently harvested sites (i.e. within the last ten years) suggest that vegetation productivity is maintained at levels similar to those observed prior to harvests. During the early stages of stand development, tree species composition is heavily influenced by harvest method. Similarly, amphibian populations (monitored as bioindicators of ecosystem recovery) seem to rebound rapidly following harvests, although species composition may be different from that of unharvested stands.     

Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem

Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality.

Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season.