不同驱虫药驱虫后伊犁马血液生化指标变化的研究

[目的] 研究不同驱虫药对伊犁马血液生化指标的影响,为伊犁马科学驱虫及健康养殖提供参考。[方法] 将平均体重（265.5±35.6）kg、出生日期相近的40匹1岁伊犁马随机分为5组,每组8匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,对照组不驱虫,在试验开始第1天,试验Ⅰ组使用伊维菌素驱虫,试验Ⅱ组使用吡喹酮驱虫,试验Ⅲ组使用阿苯达唑驱虫,试验Ⅳ组使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑的混合药剂驱虫;在试验第14天采集马匹血液样品,测定血浆氮代谢指标、葡萄糖及酶相关指标、脂代谢指标及金属离子指标。[结果] ①试验Ⅲ组总蛋白（TP）浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了8.16%、7.15%、4.98%及6.62%（P>0.05）。对照组及各试验组白蛋白（ALB）、尿素（UREA）浓度均无显著（P>0.05）差异。与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中UREA浓度分别降低了33.15%及36.10%（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组、试验Ⅳ组丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活力分别降低了26.51%、21.11%、47.14%及52.38%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅲ组血浆中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活力低于对照组,降低了0.19%（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅳ组的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活力显著（P<0.05）升高,分别提高了17.84%、13.51%;谷草转氨酶（AST）活力分别提高了5.40%和4.08%（P>0.05）。③对照组血浆中甘油三酯（TG）、肌酐（CREA）及尿酸（UA）的含量与各试验组相比均无显著（P>0.05）差异。试验Ⅰ组及试验Ⅳ组血浆中CREA浓度较对照组分别提高13.38%和9.86%（P>0.05）。试验Ⅱ组血浆中胆碱酯酶（CHE）活力显著（P<0.05）高于试验Ⅲ组,提高了17.70%。④对照组血浆中Mg²⁺浓度与各试验组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组血浆中Ca²⁺浓度最低,与对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组及试验Ⅳ组相比,分别降低了23.44%、16.40%、25.89%及21.43%（P<0.05）。[结论] 综合来看,使用伊维菌素和阿苯达唑混合驱虫,对伊犁马血浆中的氮代谢、糖脂代谢指标及肝功能代谢酶活力改善效果更明显。     

切线泵流动特征的整流场数值模拟

对单级切线泵在设计工况进行了定常流动数值模拟，分析了叶轮流道及蜗壳内的液体流动情况。结果表明，切线泵内流场非常复杂，叶轮进口有明显冲击，叶轮各流道的速度、压力差异很大，环形蜗壳内流动呈现旋涡推进特征，上、下游流动有强烈的相互作用，整机流场不具有对称性；环形蜗壳的几何结构以及流场上、下游的相互作用是导致整机流场非对称特性的主要原因。计算结果为进一步改进结构、提高性能、减小水力损失提供了理论依据。     

水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验

针对目前我国水稻秸秆还田机械普遍存在的耕作深度浅、秸秆还田深度不满足农艺要求、旋耕部件缠草严重等问题,运用旋耕理论和数值计算分析方法设计了水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置。根据实际情况对土壤颗粒进行假设,运用离散元法建立土壤颗粒力学模型,应用EDEM软件进行整秆还田仿真虚拟试验,仿真结果表明,耕深在20 cm时,土壤表层覆盖率为93.87%。通过土槽台架试验得到:在作业速度为1.25 km/h、刀辊转速为237 r/min时,耕深可达到22 cm,地表以下15~20 cm翻埋的秸秆占秸秆总量的80%,秸秆还田率为91.63%,同时刀辊轴不缠草。试验结果表明,秸秆还田深度达到水整地环节的要求,秸秆还田率较高。通过虚拟仿真和台架试验相互验证,证明新型整秆还田装置一次作业可实现切土、碎土、埋草、压草及覆土的功能,满足农艺要求。     

女贞枸杞散预防断奶仔猪腹泻效果和对血液白细胞数的影响

为探讨以女贞子、枸杞子、穿心莲、大青叶等多味中药组成的"女贞枸杞散"对断奶仔猪腹泻的预防效果和对外周血各类白细胞数量的影响。根据体重相近、公母各半的原则选用80头体重为10kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分4组,分别为试验Ⅰ组(日粮中加0.4%"女贞枸杞散"),Ⅱ组(添加0.6%),Ⅲ组(添加0.8%)和对照组(普通日粮)。详细记录仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率、腹泻频率、腹泻指数等。试验结束后采血,测定各类白细胞数量,结果表明,"女贞枸杞散"能有效地降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,改善仔猪的生长性能,促进血液中的白细胞尤其是淋巴细胞的的生成,提高机体免疫力。     

Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs

Objective: To determine the continuous changes in blood volume in response to fluid administration using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Animals: Four healthy dogs. Interventions: Each dog received intravenous boluses of 80 mL/kg of 0.9% saline (S), 4 mL/kg of 7.5% saline (HS), 20 mL/kg of dextran 70 (D), 20 mL/kg of hetastarch (HES), or no fluids (control, C) on separate occasions. Fluids were administered at 150 mL/min in the S, D, and HES groups, and at 1 mL/kg/min in the HS group. Measurements and main results: Blood volume changes were measured every 20 seconds for 240 minutes using an in‐line hematocrit monitor. There was a rapid rise in blood volume during all infusions. Immediately after the administration of crystalloid fluids, the rapid rise in blood volume ceased. Subsequently, there was a steep decline in blood volume for 10 minutes, and a slower decline thereafter. In contrast, the rise in blood volume continued for at least 10 minutes after the infusion of the colloids was complete, and a plateau was observed for the remainder of the experiment. The blood volume effect, as measured by area under the curve, was significantly greater in the saline group than the other groups during the infusion time and for the 0–240 minutes time period. The areas under the curve for the two colloid solutions were not significantly different from each other during any time periods. The percent increase in blood volume immediately following the infusions was 76.4±10.0 in the S group, 17.1±3.2 in the HS group, 23.0±10.5 in the D group, and 27.2±6.4 in the HES group. At 30 minutes from the start of the infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volumes were 35.2±9.3 in the S group, 12.3±0.9 in the HS group, 35.9±7.3 in the D group, and 36.8±6.5 in the HES group. At 240 h post‐infusion, the mean percent increases in blood volume were 18.0±9.7 in the S group, 2.9±6.1 in the HS group, 25.6±16.1 in the D group, and 26.6±8.6 in the HES group. The C group had a mean percent change in blood volume of ?3.7±3.4 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: This study indicates that the rapid administration of saline at clinically relevant doses leads to the largest immediate increase in blood volume, although this change is transient because of rapid redistribution of the fluid. Despite a brief increase in blood volume that was almost 3 times the volume administered, hypertonic saline led to the smallest increase in blood volume post‐infusion. The synthetic colloid solutions increased the blood volume by an amount greater than that infused and the effect was sustained for a longer period of time than seen following crystalloid administration, but the maximum increase in blood volume was significantly less than saline. The measurement of continuous changes in blood volume, using an in‐line hematocrit monitor, was a useful means of assessing the dynamic effects of fluid administration in dogs in a research setting.     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

Erythroid progenitor cells from pig bone marrow and peripheral blood

With the intention of using the pig as a large animal model in haematopoietic research, a clonal assay in methylcellulose was developed and the optimal conditions for raising erythroid progenitors from adult pig bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) have been established. Progenitor cells were stimulated to proliferate and differentiate in vitro by growth factors containing leucocyte condition medium (LCM), and with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo). The number of PB BFU-E (burst forming units - erythroid) directly depended on the concentration of LCM, but BM BFU-E were not dependent on LCM. Both CFU-E (colony forming units - erythroid) and BFU-E were rhEpo dependent. Despite relatively high but expected individual variations, the mean number of colonies, as well as the functional characteristics of progenitor cells investigated, were similar to those of miniature pigs and some other mammals.