野罂粟产量构成要素研究

[目的]研究野罂粟的产量构成要素。[方法]调查承德坝上野生野罂粟及人工种植一年生、二年生野罂粟的单株鲜重、干重,测定植株不同部位的总生物碱和野罂粟碱含量,总结出野罂粟的产量构成要素。[结果]野生野罂粟的单株干重差异较大,干重产量为1650.0 kg/hm2。一年生、二年生野罂粟的鲜重产量分别为9354.0、11638.5 kg/hm2,干重产量分别为1402.5、2034.0 kg/hm2。总生物碱和野罂粟碱在野罂粟植株各部位的分布顺序均为壳>种子>花>叶>莛>根,但各部位的含量有明显差异。7月下旬至9月上旬是野罂粟植株中总生物碱和野罂粟碱含量最高的时期。[结论]野罂粟产量的直接构成要素是单株产量、单位面积植株数,间接构成要素是不同的采收时期和采收部位。     

优质肉种鸡开产初期体重对产蛋性能的影响

（1郑州牧业工程高等专科学校,河南郑州 450011;2新郑鑫源养殖公司,河南新郑 451160; 3南京农业大学,江苏南京 210095）     

广西蓖麻蚕品种间全茧量，茧层量遗传分析

通过对我所保育的蓖麻品种全茧量、茧层量这两个主要经济性状进行分析,结果表明,我所保育的21个蓖麻蚕品种仍然保持基因型和表现型的多样性,仍是一个有效的品种资源。各品种对环境的抗性有差异。     

木材缺陷图象的伪彩色处理

一、引言木材缺陷的检测是评定材质高低的一个重要依据。目前,我国木材缺陷的检测基本上处于用肉眼观察确定表面的缺陷;用敲击法或凭经验来判断内部缺陷的状况。用X光透视技术检验木材内部缺陷、评定木材等级还处于实验阶段。最近,计算机数字图象处理技术的应用已发展到生物学、医学、工业等方面,并已经收到了可喜的成果。但尚未见到应用于木材检测方面的报道。本文初步介绍了用伪彩色技术处理木材缺陷图象的一些实验结果。     

农区牦牛、犏牛舍饲短期育肥效益分析

四川省是牦牛、犏牛生产大省,存栏量常年保持在高位,给草地生态环境造成巨大压力。但牦牛、犏牛养殖量的提升并未给牧民带来经济收入的增加,这与藏区冬春季恶劣的自然环境导致的营养缺乏密切相关。为解决这个问题,本试验将2.5~3.5岁的牦牛、犏牛运往四川省的农区(广汉)开展冬春季育肥研究,分析其带来的经济效益。通过120d的短期育肥,牦牛、犏牛分别增重64.00kg和85.80kg,增收645元/头和1299元/头。试验结果表明,牦牛、犏牛可以通过在农区进行冬春季育肥达到增收的目的。     

全混日粮饲喂育肥牛增重效果试验

随机选择22~24月龄、体重400kg左右的西门塔尔杂交公牛共20头,互为对照,试验期160d。试验组使用TMR日粮饲喂育肥牛,头均日增重1.31kg,料重比6.21:1;对照组采用常规喂法头均日增重1.12kg,料重比7.27:1。试验组较对照组日增重提高16.96%,料重比降低17.1%,两组差异显著(P<0.05)。     

The effect of feeding antibiotic growth promoters on the performance of beef cattle consuming forage-based diets: A review

Scientific literature on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in beef cattle consuming forage-diets was reviewed. Database summarizes 136 comparisons between untreated and AGP-treated cattle from 48 bibliographic references. Performance data of cattle receiving AGP either alone or in combination with 17 β-estradiol implants was statistically analyzed. Forage quality, in terms of average daily gain (ADG), differentially influenced (P = 0.1) the effect of AGP on beef cattle performance. As the quality of forage increased, the estimated net ADG response to monensin decreased and that to lasalocid increased. ADG increased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing doses of monensin (R² = 0.71) or lasalocid (R² = 0.63). Ionophore-dosage level quadratically improved (P = 0.01; R² = 0.52) feed conversion (FCONV) of cattle without affecting their dry matter intake (DMI; P > 0.1). A linear relationship (P < 0.01) between ADG and dose of tetronasin (R² = 0.64) or lysocellin (R² = 0.52) was also observed. The combination of monensin and 17β-estradiol implants resulted in an additive effect on ADG of grazing cattle. The experimental results reviewed show that, in beef cattle consuming forage-based diets, ionophores improve ADG and FCONV in a dose-dependent manner, with little or no effect on DMI. In addition, results suggest that forage quality influences the direction of the ADG response to AGP supplementation in cattle. Summarized data from beef cattle implanted with 17β-estradiol and/or supplemented with monensin indicate that the combined response of these two compounds on cattle grazing high-quality pastures has no effect on ADG over that obtained by 17β-estradiol alone.     

不同营养调控剂对荷斯坦公牛增重效果的影响

选取42头体重相近的荷斯坦公牛，随机分为7组，每组6头。对照组饲喂基础日粮，调控剂A1、A2、A3组在基础日粮中添加营养调控剂A，添加剂量分别为2g／（d·头）、5g／（d·头）和8g／（d·头）。调控剂B1、B2、B3组在基础日粮中添加营养调控剂B，添加剂量分别为2g／（d·头）、5g／（d·头）和8g／（d·头）。试验结果表明，调控剂A2组和调控剂B2组的平均日增重与对照组相比，分别增加了0．19kg和0．20kg，差异显著（P〈0．05）；以上两组的平均日收入与对照组相比，分别增加了3．57元和3．82元。结果表明，营养调控剂A和营养调控#IB在荷斯坦公牛日粮中添加剂量为5g／（d·头）时，可以促进公牛的增重，提高经济效益。     

pH对松柳芽苗菜生长的影响

[目的]探明pH对松柳芽苗菜生长的影响规律,为松柳芽苗菜的培育提供改进建议。[方法]采用20℃育苗盘恒温水培栽植方法,通过改变不同培养液pH,检测相应松柳苗出芽率及成熟期松柳的整株重量和根重,分析其对酸碱的耐受性。[结果]强酸和强碱条件均会对松柳的生长产生较强的抑制作用,而在弱酸和弱碱环境下,松柳有较强的耐受性。[结论]在松柳发芽的早期阶段,弱酸条件可提高松柳的出芽率;后期生长阶段,弱碱条件可提高松柳的生长速度。     

Evaluation of body weight and color of cultured European catfish (Silurus glanis) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using image analysis

Two cultured catfish species (European catfish Silurus glanis, and African catfish Clarias gariepinus) were evaluated for their weight estimation and colors by image analysis. A total of 60 whole fish from each species were first weighed, and then their pictures taken by a digital camera in a light box. Length, weight and color of all fish were determined by image analysis and results were compared between the two fish. Fish weight ranged from 7.4 to 39.61 g and 25.71 to 93.91 g for European and African catfish, respectively. Weight (W) vs length (L) data were fitted linear (W = A + BL), power (W = A L^B) and second order polynomial equations (W = C₀ + C₁ L + C₂ L²). The R² values ranged from 0.835 to 0.974. For the W vs view area (V) relationship, the same equations were used. The R² values for these equations ranged from 0.927 to 0.972. No significant difference was found between the average color values according to the L*, a* and b* distributions for both fish species (P > .05). Image analysis can easily determine length, view area, and color of fish and help in developing W vs L, and W vs V relationships.