青藏高原草地资源发展面临的问题及战略选择

青藏高原草地资源生态功能突出,同时也是这个独特高寒山区发展的重要依托资源.作为一个以牧区半牧区为主的民族区域,青藏高原实现可持续发展有着深远的地缘政治意义,在草地资源发展战略中,既要突出保护,又要在全国一盘棋的视角下加快草业产业化的发展,减轻草地资源的人口压力.     

Relationship between thermal anomalies in Tibetan Plateau and summer dust storm frequency over Tarim Basin,China

The dust storm is the most important and frequent meteorological disaster over Tarim Basin,which causes huge damages on local social economics.How to predict the springtime and summertime dust storm occurrence has become a hot issue for meteorologists.This paper employed the data of dust storm frequency and 10-m wind velocity at 35 stations over Tarim Basin and the reanalysis data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) during 1961-2007 to study the relationship between dust storm frequency(DSF) in summer over Tarim Basin and the thermal anomalies in Tibetan Plateau in May by using the statistical methods,such as Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF),correlation and binomial moving average.The results show when negative anomalies in Tibetan Plateau and positive anomalies in its southern region are present along 30°N(the second mode of surface temperature anomalies by EOF decomposition) in May,the time coefficient(PC2) plays an important role in summer DSF variation and has a close relation with the summer DSF at both inter-annual and decadal time scales.When negative anomalies in Tibetan Plateau and positive anomalies are present in its southern region(PC2 in positive phase),there is an anomalous anticyclone in North China,which weakens the northwest wind and is not beneficial for cold air moving from high latitude to the Tarim Basin,and the circulation pattern is hard to result in dust storm weather.Furthermore,the sea level pressure(SLP) increased over Tarim Basin and the direction of SLP gradient reversed,which resulted in the 10-m wind velocity slowing down,so the DSF decreased.From above all,it can be conclude that the thermal anomalies in Tibetan Plateau in May has important effects on the summertime dust storm frequency over Tarim Basin and the PC2 can be used as a prediction factor for the summertime dust storm occurrence.     

祁连县白藏羊选育技术研究

[目的]研究青海省祁连县白藏羊的品种特征。[方法]选取100只白藏羊为研究对象,对其产毛量、毛长、体重及体尺指数进行测定,并用SPSS软件进行相关性和回归性分析。[结果]除体重和毛长相关系数不显著外,其他指标间相关性均达到显著（P〈0.05）或极显著水平（P〈0.01）;多元回归分析表明,白藏羊体重和毛长呈消长关系。[结论]该研究为祁连县白藏羊选育方案的确定和完善提供了有益参考。     

藏东南地区农业示范园区设施果蔬土壤肥力特性研究

分析藏东南地区农业示范园区设施果蔬土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、土壤酸碱度在不同土层、不同棚龄的累积状况。结果表明：大棚土壤肥力与大田有很大差别,且随着大棚种植年限的增加均有不同程度的增长;大棚有机质、全氮、速效磷含量增加1倍;土壤碱解氮增加2倍,次层土壤硝态氮增加近10倍;土壤速效钾在表层增加;土壤pH逐年下降,有酸化的趋势。     

成年藏獒犬蛋白质需要量的研究

采用单因子试验设计,将20只成年藏獒犬(♂,2岁)随机分为5组,每组4只,饲喂不同蛋白质水平的饲粮,利用氮平衡试验,研究了成年藏獒犬对多种蛋白原料配合而成的不同蛋白质水平的目粮中蛋白质和可消化蛋白质的需要量.结果表明:食入氮对存留氮的回归关系为y1=1.305x1+2.549,可消化氮对存留氮的回归关系为y2=0.97...     

西藏春青稞种质资源抗锈性初步鉴定

在大田种植条件下,对来自西藏的132份春青稞种质资源的抗锈性进行了鉴定,结果表明:1)在供试的种质资源中,抗锈性R级的有37份,HR级的有46份,MR级的有36份,MS级的有8份,HS级的有5份;2)抗锈性强的种质资源中,来源于日喀则的春青稞的抗锈性明显强于其他地区,抗病类型免疫(R)占该区各类型的71.4%。3)4地区春青稞材料中,抗锈类型以免疫(R)、高抗(HR)的种质资源数最多,占62.88%,4个地区的春青稞抗锈强的种质资源数占的比例,按大小依次是日喀则、山南、昌都、拉萨地区。     

长角血蜱侵袭致藏獒"蜱麻痹"和巴贝斯虫感染的诊治

对卫辉市某2.5月龄的以后肢麻痹为特征的藏獒进行临床检查、血液涂片染色镜检、血液常规检测、蜱形态学观察和蜱种鉴定.结果表明:藏獒红细胞内有大量犬巴贝斯虫寄生,血液常规检查白细胞数升高,血红蛋白含量正常,感染蜱为长角血蜱.最终确诊为长角血蜱侵袭致藏獒"蜱麻痹"和巴贝斯虫感染.应用伊维茵素、血虫净等药物进行治疗,3 d后该...     

牦牛和藏羊夏季划区轮牧对高寒草甸3种植物凋落物分解的影响

为深入理解放牧牦牛和藏羊及放牧强度对青藏高原高寒草地凋落物分解的分异影响,在天祝高寒草甸夏季牧场,采用凋落物袋法研究了牦牛和藏羊轮牧强度对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)和珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)凋落物损失率及碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)含量的影响。结果表明:3种植物凋落物损失率随处理时间的增加和放牧强度的增大均呈增大趋势。处理15个月后,垂穗披碱草、矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼凋落物损失率分别为24.71%~32.70%,30.56%~38.83%和32.27%~42.96%。放牧藏羊草地上的3种凋落物损失率小于牦牛放牧草地。在同一放牧家畜及放牧强度下,垂穗披碱草的损失率显著小于矮生嵩草和珠芽蓼。3种植物凋落物C含量随着放牧强度的增加依次呈降低趋势,C含量大小依次为:垂穗披碱草矮生嵩草珠芽蓼,但C含量的变化大小依次为:垂穗披碱草矮生嵩草珠芽蓼。3种植物凋落物N含量随放牧强度增加呈现降低趋势;随着时间的增加凋落物N呈现先降低再增加后又降低的趋势。随着放牧强度的增加,珠芽蓼凋落物的P含量总体呈降低趋势;随着放牧时间的增加,珠芽蓼凋落物P含量总体呈增加趋势。藏羊和牦牛对P含量的富集均有抑制作用,并且牦牛的抑制作用大于藏羊。     

Effect of supplements during the cold season on the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes

We examined the development of the reproductive system in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes when fed only oat hay (CON) or supplemented with either lick blocks (BS) or concentrate feed (CS) during the cold season. The average daily gain of the CS ewes was greater than that of the BS ewes (P  < 0.05), which was greater than that of the CON ewes. The same pattern was observed in the number of ovarian follicles (P  < 0.001), that is, CS > BS > CON. Serum concentrations of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteotrophic hormone, estradiol and progesterone in the CS and BS groups were higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KiSS‐1, GPR54 (G protein‐coupled receptor 54), ERα (estradiol receptor α) in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular area of the CS group were higher than in both the BS and CON groups (P  < 0.05), while the BS group was higher than in the CON group (P  < 0.05). Similar differences among groups were observed for gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the pituitary, follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovary. These results indicated that the KiSS1/GPR54 system was more active with nutrition or trace mineral supplementation during the cold season. The system stimulated the hypothalamic–pituitary?gonadal axis and enhanced folliclar development in prepubertal Tibetan sheep ewes. We concluded that energy, protein and trace minerals supplements could improve the reproductive performance of Tibetan sheep on the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau.