烟草青枯病拮抗芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌活性初探

【目的】从不同烟区健康烟草的根际土壤样品中筛选对烟草青枯病具有较强拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌,为防治烟草青枯病提供生防资源。【方法】随机从福建龙岩、四川德昌、陕西汉中等地健康烟草根际土壤中采集30份土壤样品,采用平板稀释法从中分离芽孢杆菌,以烟草青枯病菌为靶标菌筛选拮抗芽孢杆菌,并通过培养特性、菌体形态、生理生化特征分析及16SrDNA序列分析,对筛选的拮抗芽孢杆菌菌株进行鉴定;采用温室盆栽试验,测定拮抗芽孢杆菌的促生作用、定殖能力和抑菌活性。【结果】从健康烟草根际土壤中分离得到1株抗烟草青枯病菌活性较好的菌株LW-4,经鉴定其为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus。LW-4菌悬液对烟草青枯病菌的防治效果为70.37%,其可定殖于烟草根际土壤,具有良好的定殖能力。LW-4对烟草有明显的促生作用;用饱和度为25%的硫酸铵获得的LW-4抑菌物质对烟草青枯病菌的抑菌活性较高,抑菌圈直径达37.82mm。【结论】菌株LW-4在烟草青枯病防治中具有潜在的利用价值。     

村民的政治效能感及其调适路径的实证研究——基于对苏南四村365位村民的问卷调查

政治效能感是公民政治心理、政治态度的重要方面。实证调查结果显示,当前苏南地区村民自治过程中,村民的政治效能感总体水平并不高,处于中等水平。虽然苏南地区村民对于村委会、基层政府的外在政治效能感较高、施政评价较好,但村民的内在政治效能感偏低,对自身政治影响能力信心不足。因此,必须通过发展经济、重视教育来激发村民的内在政治效能感;塑造参与文化、转变治理理念来提升村民的外在政治效能感;健全利益表达机制、创新基层参与方式来完善村民的自治制度;发展农村社会组织、培育协商民主经验来拓展村民的参与空间,从而以多元的路径实现对村民政治效能感的有效调适和提升。     

几种杀虫剂防治甘蓝烟粉虱田间药效试验研究

以期为烟粉虱的防治提供参考,比较了几种不同类型杀虫剂对甘蓝烟粉虱的田间防治效果,结果表明:10%烯啶虫胺、25%阿克泰、10%吡虫啉、1.8%害极灭和25%吡蚜酮对烟粉虱均具有较好的防治效果,9d后的防效分别达到89.57%、96.11%、76.56%、90.52%、88.68%。25%扑虱灵、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯、2.5%高效氯氟氢菊酯和40%毒死蜱对烟粉虱的防效较差,已失去对烟粉虱的有效防治。     

An evaluation of the duration of efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Caligus curtus Müller infestations in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L

The duration of efficacy of emamectin benzoate in the control of Caligus curtus infestations in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., was studied following an administration of 50 μg kg^?1 for seven consecutive days. No lice were found on medicated fish when challenged 1 week (challenge 1) or 5 weeks (challenge 2) following termination of medication, whereas the mean abundance of lice among the unmedicated fish was 17.9 and 19.3 lice per fish in challenge 1 and 2, respectively. Muscle concentrations of 19.5 ± 8.2 ng g^?1 and 3.4 ± 0.9 ng g^?1, respectively, and skin concentrations of 23.1 ± 10.8 and 4.2 ± 1.0 ng g^?1, respectively, were found 27 and 55 days following the termination of medication. Tissue concentrations and the duration of efficacy indicate a dosing regime for emamectin in cod, similar to the regime used for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.     

A multi-epitope chimeric protein elicited a strong antibody response and partial protection against Edwardsiella ictaluri in Nile tilapia

Edwardsiella ictaluri infects several fish species and protection of the all the susceptible fish hosts from the pathogen using a monovalent vaccine is impossible because the species is composed of host-based genotypes that are genetic, serological and antigenic heterogenous. Here, immunoinformatic approach was employed to design a cross-immunogenic chimeric EiCh protein containing multi-epitopes. The chimeric EiCh protein is composed of 11 B-cell epitopes and 7 major histocompatibility complex class II epitopes identified from E. ictaluri immunogenic proteins previously reported. The 49.32 kDa recombinant EiCh protein was expressed in vitro in Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3) after which inclusion bodies were successfully solubilized and refolded. Ab initio protein modelling revealed secondary and tertiary structures. Secondary structure was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Antigenicity of the chimeric EiCh protein was exhibited by strong reactivity with serum from striped catfish and Nile tilapia experimentally infected with E. ictaluri. Furthermore, immunogenicity of the chimeric EiCh protein was investigated in vivo in Nile tilapia juveniles and it was found that the protein could strongly induce production of specific antibodies conferring agglutination activity and partially protected Nile tilapia juveniles with a relative survival percentage (RPS) of 42%. This study explored immunoinformatics as reverse vaccinology approach in vaccine design for aquaculture to manage E. ictaluri infections.     

十种杀菌剂对李细菌性穿孔病的毒力测定与药效试验

选用10种杀菌剂,研究其对李细菌性穿孔病的防治效果。结果表明:室内抑菌和田间药效试验结果基本一致,防治效果依次为50%福美双可湿性粉剂、72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂、硫酸阿米卡星注射液、硫酸庆大霉素注射液和8%宁南霉素水剂。不同厂家生产的72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂的抑菌和防治效果差异显著。     

论社会实践在艺术类大学生培养中的德育功效

在分析社会实践在艺术类大学生培养中的德育功效的基础上,重点对构建长效机制、探索社会实践和艺术实践的有机结合、完善激励评价和培训机制、充分利用校内外资源等方面提出了艺术类大学生社会实践活动工作的创新思路。     

马立克氏病双价苗的研究Ⅲ.双价苗与单价苗免疫效应的比较病理学研究

选用SPF种蛋孵化的京白鸡60只,随机分为三组,即马立克氏病单价苗组(2000PFU HVT)、双价苗组(2000 PFU HVT 1200 PFU SB—1)以及攻毒对照组.应用组织学和透射电镜等手段对两种疫苗的免疫保护效应进行了比较病理学研究.结果证明,双价苗免疫鸡,MD发病数显著减少,发病时间推迟,病变程度明显减轻,法氏囊有大量具有分泌活性的浆细胞;单价苗免疫鸡发病数较对照组略有减少,但对延缓或减轻MD肿瘤的发生无明显作用,在法氏囊网状细胞胞浆中、核碎片附近和细胞间隙中存在大量无囊膜的马立克氏病病毒粒子,残存的细胞发生变性、坏死.由此认为,双价苗对实验性鸡马立克氏病的免疫效果明显优于HVT单价苗.     

强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫效果的研究

本实验研究了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫预防鸡球虫病的效果。实验结果表明：强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗是安全有效的，基保滴服免疫的效果优于拌料免疫，滴服免疫不仅对攻毒后鸡有100％的保护效果，而且能有效地控制球虫病的发生，对小鸡的生长也有明显的保护作用。与常用抗球虫药氯苯胍相比，强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗预防鸡球虫病的效果优于氯苯胍，其对小鸡增重率、料肉比显示的效果也优于氯苯胍。     

泽泻田莲纹夜蛾的诱集试验及田间药效试验初报

开展莲子与泽泻按1∶9比例面积间栽的诱集试验,结果表明:莲子对莲纹夜蛾具有较强的诱集作用,且以太空莲36号品种诱集效果最好,其泽泻田间莲纹夜蛾的种群数量明显轻于对照。田间药效试验结果显示:15%安打SC、10%除尽SC这2种化学农药和2.5%菜喜SC、20%米满SC这2种生物农药对莲纹夜蛾幼虫都具有较高防效;99%绿颖OL作为一种对害虫无抗性风险的农药,是今后莲纹夜蛾综合治理的理想药剂。