我国出口观赏鸟血液原虫的调查与分析

通过显微镜检查对来源于全国各地的37种出口观赏鸟进行了血液原虫调查。共检查血样1144份，结果为：血液原虫的检出率为2．1％，主要是血变原虫和／或疟原虫。感染季节以秋冬两季为主，易感鸟品种主要是白腰文鸟、红喉歌鸲、蓝歌鸲、暗绿绣眼鸟、豆冠、白燕、情侣鹦鹉。     

柑桔成花的抑制或促进处理对芽内游离氨基酸代谢的影响

赤霉素或环剥处理分别对暗柳橙的花芽分化起阻遏或促进怍用。赤霉素处理使芽内总游离氨基酸,特别是碱性氨基酸含量明显下降。环剥处理则使上述氨基酸含量增多。赤霉素处理,绝大多数种类氨基酸减少,尤其是组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸等。环剥处理,相当种类的氨基酸增多,尤其是苏氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸等。氨基酸变化可能与芽内合成特异蛋白质有关,与基因的表达与阻遏有关。但也可能是营养芽或生殖芽两者本身在代谢上的差异。本研究为进一步阐明花芽分化的实质原因提供了生物化学对比性背景资料。     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.     

日粮阴阳离子差对泌乳前期热应激奶牛血液酸碱平衡和生产性能的影响

研究日粮阴阳离子差对泌乳前期热应激奶牛血液酸碱平衡和生产性能的影响,选用36头热应激条件下泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计(n=12),以不同日粮阴阳离子差[DCAD;(Na K )-(Cl- S2-)mEq/kgDM]为试验处理,即对照组(DCAD为 130.49 mEq/kg DM),试验Ⅰ组(DCAD为 251.54 mEq/kg DM)和试验Ⅱ组(DCAD为 383.87 mEq/kg DM),试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)提高日粮DCAD可明显增强奶牛血液的缓冲能力和运氧能力。血液pH和碱超值随着日粮DCAD的升高而上升(P<0.05),DCAD对其他血气指标的影响不明显,其中二氧化碳总量、二氧化碳分压、实际碳酸氢盐、氧饱和度均逐渐增加(P>0.05),而氧分压则呈峰形变化(P>0.05);(2)DCAD对奶牛血清尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白的影响均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),肌酸磷酸激酶变化明显(P<0.05),血糖含量直线上升(P>0.05);(3)适当提高日粮DCAD可显著提高奶牛的生产性能。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的4%标准乳较对照组分别提高了11.0%和5.1%(P<0.05),而乳脂率明显降低(P<0.05),乳蛋白率(P<0.05)和乳糖含量(P>0.05)随日粮DCAD的升高而增加。综合以上各项指标考虑,建议以试验Ⅰ组(DCAD为 251.54 mEq/kg DM)作为泌乳早期奶牛的DCAD日粮。     

Clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator for systemic thrombolysis in dogs and cats

IntroductionSystemic administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is seldomly reported in dogs and cats.AnimalsClient-owned animals receiving tPA (2010–2020).Materials and methodsMedical records of dogs and cats receiving tPA for distant known/suspected thrombus were reviewed. Fourteen dog visits (24 injections) and five cat visits (six injections) were included.ResultsCanine known/suspected thrombus included pulmonary thromboembolism (n=6), intracardiac thrombus (n=4), aortic thrombus (n=1), cranial vena cava thrombus (n=2), and femoral and iliac veins thrombus (n=1). Various canine primary diseases were represented, but open-heart surgery was the most common cause. Median time between diagnosis/suspicion of thrombus and tPA injection was 24.5 h (range, 3–150 h). Mean total tPA dose was 1.0±0.78 mg/kg.Clinical improvement occurred in 93% of dogs. Non-fatal complications were reported in 14% of dogs. Dogs’ survival to discharge was 78.6% without identifiable non-survivor characteristics. Feline known/suspected thrombus included unilateral feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE) (n=2), bilateral FATE (n=2), and right renal artery thrombus. Feline primary diseases included cardiomyopathy (n=5). Median time between diagnosis/suspicion of thrombus and tPA injection was 4 h (range, 2–17 h) and median total tPA dose was 1.0 mg/kg (range, 0.6–1.4 mg/kg).Clinical improvement occurred during 40% of the visits. All cats (n=3) with acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission developed worsening AKI and reperfusion injury. Of the remaining two visits, one developed a non-fatal AKI. Cats’ survival to discharge was 40%.ConclusionsSystemic thrombolysis with tPA seems to be effective and safe in dogs. More investigation is needed in cats.     

First record of autochthonous canine ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis in Romania

This case study describes the first genetically confirmed and clinically manifested autochthonous Ehrlichia canis infection in a 9‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog from Romania. Health screening of the dog included clinical examination, evaluation of stained peripheral blood smear and hematologic variables, as well as serologic testing and molecular analysis. Clinical signs included fever, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes, and weakness. The microscopic examination of the blood smear and immunologic assays for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and E canis antibodies, and for Dirofilaria immitis antigen yielded negative results. Hematologic abnormalities included moderate nonregenerative anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and moderate thrombocytopenia. The biochemical abnormalities identified were hypoalbuminemia, and mildly increased serum enzyme activities of AST and ALT. In addition, increased urea and creatinine levels associated with low urine specific gravity and proteinuria were also present. Nested PCR amplification of the partial E canis 16S rRNA gene demonstrated the presence of this rickettsial pathogen in the dog's blood, which subsequently was confirmed through sequencing based on the 100% homology with GenBank deposited E canis isolates. After specific treatment with doxycycline (10 mg/kg, orally, SID) for one month, the proteinuria, and hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities with the exception of mild azotemia resolved. This report supports the geographical expansion of canine ehrlichiosis caused by E canis in nonendemic regions of Europe.     

《全芳备祖》所记刘孝俨《橘录》辨正

宋代大型植物综合性类书《全芳备祖》记载有刘孝俨《橘录》一书,通过考证,《橘录》本名应为《谢晋安王赐甘启》,作者应为刘孝仪。     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

Effect of lipid source and bile salts in diet of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., on astaxanthin blood levels

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipid and bile acids on astaxanthin absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish with an average weight of 1500 g were fitted with a dorsal aorta cannula and fed diets containing herring oil, soybean lecithin, lard, or herring oil supplemented with taurocholic acid (2.5 g/kg diet). Each fish was fed all of the experimental diets in successive order to minimize the effect of individual variation. At a given time following the feeding of each diet, blood was collected and analyzed for astaxanthin. Soybean lecithin significantly lowered the absorption of astaxanthin compared to fish fed herring oil. A 20% (p < 0.12) increase in blood astaxanthin was observed when the fish were fed the diet supplemented with taurocholic acid. Feeding lard significantly increased the blood astaxanthin level compared to the control group. It appears that altering the micellar structure by stimulating micellar (taurocholic acid) or mixed micellar (lecithin) systems did not increase the apparent absorption of astaxanthin. However, increasing the phospholipid level may have actually decreased the absorption possibly by lowering the astaxanthin solubility in the micelles. The increased apparent absorption of astaxanthin with lard is possibly linked to the increased content of 16:0, 18:1n − 9 or 18:2n − 6 fatty acids in this diet, or a reduction in very long chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9). This suggests that the solubility of astaxanthin is higher in diets containing higher levels of 16:0 or 18:1n − 1, or alternatively, that reductions in longer chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9) increase the micellar solubility of this pigment.