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31.
32.
Organoclays were assayed as matrices in which to associate herbicides, with the aim of decreasing product losses that could give rise to water contamination from agricultural activities. Fenuron was selected as model of a very mobile and highly water-soluble herbicide. Two different organoclays of high (A-HDT) and low (H-C18) reversible fenuron sorption were selected. Herbicide-organoclay complexes were prepared from the two organoclays and with two different fenuron contents (20 and 40 g AI kg-1) and two different mixing times, so as to form a series of weak and strong complexes. The release of fenuron from those complexes into water and water/soil suspensions gave values of T50 (time to release 50% of the fenuron content) ranging from 0.3 min to 2400 h. The total fenuron released in these closed systems ranged from 48 to 80% of the fenuron in the complex. The organoclay type (high or low sorptivity) had the greatest influence on fenuron release, followed by the strong or weak complex, suggesting that herbicide-organoclay interactions are the main factors controlling release. Soil column leaching experiments showed fenuron-organoclay complexes to be effective in reducing the peak herbicide concentration in the leachate to a half (6 microns) or a quarter (3 microns) of that obtained from the free technical compound (12 microns). Herbicide lost through leaching was reduced from 78% for the free technical fenuron to 50-30%, depending on the organoclay used as carrier and the strength of the complex. Bioassay with ryegrass showed that the weak fenuron/H-C18 complex (40 g AI kg-1) gave the same herbicidal activity as technical fenuron. The potential suitability of low-sorptive organoclays for conferring slow-release properties on the fenuron complex has been demonstrated. 相似文献
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简要介绍了兽药缓控速释剂型的产生、发展、动力学过程及其分类,并着重阐述了兽药缓控速释药的应用现状、发展动力、研究热点与趋势,分析了兽药缓控速释剂型研究中存在的问题,旨在为广大兽医药工作者研制兽药新剂型提供参考。 相似文献
35.
The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex
pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height
and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber
septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was
significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited
with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone
trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006. 相似文献
36.
While several studies have demonstrated that roads can act as barriers to small mammal movement, the relationship between
road density and small mammal abundance has not yet been investigated. In southeastern Ontario, Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) suffer high over-winter mortality rates, resulting in small springtime populations and frequent local
extinctions. Peromyscus leucopus movement is known to be inhibited by roads, which should result in lower rates of immigration into and recolonization of
habitats in landscapes with high road density. We tested two predictions: (1) Forest sites situated in landscapes with high
road densities have a higher chance of P. leucopus being absent during the early spring than forest sites situated in landscapes with low road densities and (2) P. leucopus populations during the summer are smaller in forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities than in landscapes
with low road densities. We sampled P. leucopus in focal patches within nineteen landscapes (7 rural, low-road-density landscapes; 7 rural, high-road-density landscapes;
5 urban landscapes). There was no significant relationship between road density and the presence/absence of P. leucopus during the early spring. We found a significant positive effect of road density on P. leucopus relative abundance during the summer, even when we excluded the urban landscapes and based the analysis on only the 14 rural
landscapes. Our results suggest that any negative effect of roads on P. leucopus populations, created by their inhibition to moving across roads, is far outweighed by some positive effect of roads on P. leucopus abundance. We suggest that the two most likely explanations are that roads are positively correlated with an important as-yet-undetermined
component of habitat quality, or that roads positively affect P. leucopus by negatively affecting their predators. 相似文献
37.
Despite the important role that canine skin mast cells play in IgE-mediated allergic inflammation, clinically useful compounds for modulating mediator release from these cells or for suppressing cell response are lacking in the dog. The ability of five compounds to inhibit histamine release induced by non immunological (calcium ionophore A23187 and substance P) and IgE-dependent (concanavalin A) stimuli were compared. Sodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer, and dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, failed to inhibit histamine release from isolated skin mast cells following any kind of stimulation. Salbutamol, a β-adrenergic agonist, exhibited inhibitory activity (46.0%) only after concanavalin A activation. In contrast, rolipram, a selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor and cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressor, showed potent anti allergic actions, inhibiting both IgE-dependent and -independent stimuli. Rolipram inhibited 42.8%, 44.7% and 19.2% of the mediator release induced by ionophore A23187, substance P and concanavalin A, respectively. Similarly cyclosporin A induced 85.9%, 14.9% and 67.3% inhibition after ionophore A23187, substance P and concanavalin A stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that rolipram and cyclosporin A merit to be clinically tested as agents for the treatment of chronic allergic diseases in the dog. 相似文献
38.
山西省畜牧业可持续发展 ,应改变依靠粮食饲养的精料型农区畜牧业发展道路 ,充分利用和发挥本省草地和农作物秸秆资源丰富的优势 ,以大中市场和中长期市场需求为导向 ,走以草食动物为主的节粮型的农牧区畜牧业发展途径 ,并采取有效措施 ,以促进畜牧业沿着稳定、持续方向发展 相似文献
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40.
【目的】以姜荷花杂交种子为研究对象,通过不同浸种处理试验,打破姜荷花种子休眠,缩短姜荷花育种周期。【方法】利用激素、热水组合处理的方式,设置不同的浓度和浸种时间,以清水为对照,在 28 ℃条件下采用培养皿滤纸法催芽 60 d,统计发芽势和发芽率。【结果】与对照相比,外源激素和热水处理均能有效打破姜荷花种子休眠,使其提前 1 个月开始发芽。外源激素浸种试验中,400 mg/L GA3 浸种处理效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 29.3%、50.7%;80 ℃热水浸种 5 min 效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 10.3%、17%,但部分种子出现烫死现象;在组合浸种处理试验中,60 ℃热水浸种 10 min + 400 mg/L GA3 浸种 24 h 为最佳的处理组合,发芽势为 40.7%,播种 60 d 发芽率达到 64.3%。【结论】激素和热水组合处理对姜荷花种子解除休眠的效果显著优于其他处理,浸种后种子发芽提前,出苗更加整齐,适合育种实践中推广应用。 相似文献