夏枯草注射液抗炎和抗菌作用的研究

为研究夏枯草注射液的抗炎及抗菌作用,用二甲苯、蛋清分别造成小鼠和大鼠炎症模型来考察夏枯草注射液的抗炎作用,通过体外、体内抑菌试验来评价其抗菌作用。结果显示,夏枯草注射液能显著抑制Z-甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀和对蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀,体外抗菌试验表明该注射液对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、溶血性链球菌有较好的抑菌作用,并对腹腔注射肺炎双球菌ATCC27853引起小鼠死亡有保护作用。夏枯草注射液具有抗炎、抗菌作用,可为该药的临床应用与机制研究提供理论依据。     

HPLC-PDA法测定柴胡注射液中非法添加利巴韦林的研究

本试验建立了柴胡注射液中非法添加抗病毒药利巴韦林的高效液相色谱－二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)检测方法。色谱条件：采用Waters Atlantis T3 5μm,4.6×250mm的色谱柱;以水(用稀硫酸调节pH值至2.5±0.1)为流动相;柱温：30℃;进样量：10μl。采用二极管阵列检测器,采集波长范围为190nm~400nm,分辨率为1.2nm。结果显示,利巴韦林的线性范围为0.64μg/ml ~200μg/ml,;线性方程为Y=3305.68X 30933.7,r₂=0.9999, 利巴韦林平均回收率105.2%,RSD为2.7%。结果表明,本方法准确可靠,适用于柴胡注射液中非法添加的利巴韦林违禁药物进行检测。     

从成分差异看鲜、干鱼腥草注射液

鲜、干鱼腥草的成分差异必然影响到成品注射液的质量。实验表明：鲜鱼腥草采摘后24h内及时蒸馏釜蒸馏是批间成分相同质量可控的前提,可以避免各种不良反应,保证注射液的安全有效。     

COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY,FLUOROSCOPY, AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR GUIDING PERCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF THE CANINE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

A minimally invasive method for delivering injectable therapeutic agents would be desirable for the treatment of intervertebral disc disease in dogs. The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and fluoroscopy modalities for guiding percutaneous injection into canine intervertebral discs. Intervertebral discs of 14 dog cadavers were injected with a gelified ethanol therapeutic agent. Successful injectate placement and injectate leakage were determined based on necropsy inspection of discs. Injection into the nucleus pulposus was successful in 55 of 78 (71%) of all injected discs. Injections guided using CT and fluoroscopy were significantly more successful than US‐guided injections. Odds of successful injection without leakage were greater for CT vs. US (P = 0.0026) but there was no significant difference between CT and fluoroscopy (P = 0.0620). Injection success rates did not differ among vertebral sites or dog cadavers of varying weights. Forty‐nine (63%) of injection sites had injectate leakage outside the disc and 10 of these involved structures within the vertebral canal. The highest rate of injection success with the least amount of leakage was achieved with CT guidance. Findings indicated that CT, fluoroscopy, and US are feasible modalities for guiding percutaneous injection of a gelified ethanol therapeutic agent into the canine intervertebral disc, with moderate to high success rates for different regions of the spine. However, a moderately high rate of injectate leakage occurred outside of the disc and this should be taken into consideration for future safety and efficacy studies.     

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.     

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using recombinant subunit injection vaccine expressed in Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT:   The potentiality of injection vaccine against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish Procambarus clarkii was investigated. WSSV envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115. The purified recombinant proteins (2 µg/g of crayfish) were injected intramuscularly, and the same dose injected as a booster shot on fifth day after vaccination. The vaccinated crayfish were divided into two even groups and later challenged orally by WSSV-infected dead crayfish muscle (2 g/individual) on the third and 21st days after the booster shot. The relative percent survival (RPS) in the third-day group was the highest in VP28 (91%), followed by VP19 + VP28 (84%), and VP19 (45%). The RPS for the 21st-day group was the highest in VP28 (78%), followed by VP19 + VP28 (76%), and VP19 (17%). Development of vaccine by using recombinant proteins VP19 and VP28 expressed in yeast is feasible.     

橡胶树树干注输营养液施肥法成效初探

采用树干注射输液法在老龄RRIM600橡胶树上进行相同配比不同浓度的营养液注输施肥试验。连续注输营养液2个月和4个月后分别对各试验处理后橡胶树胶乳的产量和叶片中养分元素含量进行定量分析。结果显示：在本试验条件下,树干注输营养液施肥法对橡胶树的胶乳产量没有显著的影响,但有助于提高橡胶树叶片中营养元素含量。相同配比不同浓度的营养液连续注输2个月后橡胶叶片中大部分养分元素含量均有一定程度的增长,连续注输4个月后各试验处理的差异开始显现。输液后叶片中养分元素增长量最大的溶液配比浓度为：尿素0.1 g/L,磷酸二氢钾6.81 mg/L,硫酸钾50.6 mg/L,硫酸镁34.5 mg/L,硫酸铜1 mg/L,硫酸亚铁1.39 g/L,硫酸锰2 mg/L,硫酸锌1 mg/L,硼酸2 mg/L。     

柴油机侧卷流和分卷流燃烧系统性能测试与分析

侧卷流燃烧系统（Lateral Swirl Combustion System,LSCS）和分卷流燃烧系统（Separated Swirl Combustion System,SSCS）均是利用特殊设计的燃烧室壁面导流结构来引导缸内喷雾形成卷流运动,达到改善油气混合质量的目的。两种燃烧系统在缸内的布油策略不同,为对比研究两种燃烧系统的性能,该研究利用模拟增压单缸柴油机进行了侧卷流燃烧系统和分卷流燃烧系统在不同负荷和过量空气系数下的燃烧性能试验;采用AVL Fire软件探究了两种燃烧系统改善油气混合过程的机理。试验结果表明：不同工况下,侧卷流燃烧系统的燃油消耗率和碳烟排放均低于分卷流燃烧系统;相比于分卷流燃烧系统,侧卷流燃烧系统在不同负荷下的燃油消耗率降低了2.4～7.8 g/(kW·h),碳烟排放降低了2.7～3.9 FSN（Filter Smoke Number,滤纸式烟度单位）;在不同过量空气系数下的燃油消耗率降低了3.2～9.8 g/(kW·h),碳烟排放降低了2.3～3.8 FSN,燃油消耗率最大降幅为4.3%,碳烟排放最大降幅为87.0%。仿真结果表明：侧卷流燃烧系统中,油束在分流造型的导流作用下形成侧向卷流运动,相邻两束卷流在流出分流造型时产生壁射流干涉作用,进一步提高了燃烧室内的空气利用率;而分卷流燃烧系统在活塞下行时,油束触壁位置的改变导致了燃油聚集现象,不利于油气混合过程。相较于分卷流燃烧系统,侧卷流燃烧系统的空气卷吸量增加了9.3%,在当量比为2～4区间内的燃油质量比例较小,在当量比1～2区间内的燃油质量比例较大,表明侧卷流燃烧系统的油气混合均匀性较好。因此,侧卷流燃烧系统对油气混合过程的改善作用更为显著,明显提升了直喷式柴油机的燃烧性能,减少碳烟生成。研究结果可为直喷式柴油机燃烧室结构设计和优化提供技术参考。     

橡胶树树干注输营养液施肥法成效初探

采用树干注射输液法在老龄RRIM600橡胶树上进行相同配比不同浓度的营养液注输施肥试验。连续注输营养液2个月和4个月后分别对各试验处理后橡胶树胶乳的产量和叶片中养分元素含量进行定量分析。结果显示:在本试验条件下,树干注输营养液施肥法对橡胶树的胶乳产量没有显著的影响,但有助于提高橡胶树叶片中营养元素含量。相同配比不同浓度的营养液连续注输2个月后橡胶叶片中大部分养分元素含量均有一定程度的增长,连续注输4个月后各试验处理的差异开始显现。输液后叶片中养分元素增长量最大的溶液配比浓度为:尿素0.1 g/L,磷酸二氢钾6.81 mg/L,硫酸钾50.6 mg/L,硫酸镁34.5 mg/L,硫酸铜1 mg/L,硫酸亚铁1.39 g/L,硫酸锰2 mg/L,硫酸锌1 mg/L,硼酸2 mg/L。     

中草药复方注射剂治疗仔猪腹泻的试验研究

[目的]探讨中草药复方注射剂对仔猪腹泻的治疗效果。[方法]提取中草药有效成分,制备中草药复方注射剂。用不同剂量(0.25、0.50和1.00 ml/kg)的中草药复方注射剂对人工感染的仔猪腹泻进行治疗试验。[结果]经过3 d治疗后,3个剂量组均有明显的治疗效果,治愈率可达60%~95%,极显著高于感染对照组,剂量以0.5 ml/kg为佳。将制备的复方注射剂和临床用的硫酸庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、头孢噻呋混悬、硫酸黄连素和博落回注射剂对人工感染的仔猪腹泻进行疗效对比试验,结果表明复方注射剂的治疗效果最好,治愈率达98.0%,明显优于其他注射剂。[结论]该中草药复方注射剂是临床上治疗仔猪腹泻的有效药物。