早期施用氮肥在乙烯利刺激割胶胶乳中的动态分布研究

应用15N示踪技术进行橡胶树大田早期肥料试验,研究乙烯利刺激和传统割胶条件下胶乳中肥料氮素的动态变化。结果表明,在施肥26 d后肥料N开始在胶乳中表现,刺激与传统割胶条件下,胶乳中15N丰度均逐步增加,变化趋势相似;随着时间的推移,刺激割胶条件下15N的丰度增加幅度显著高于传统割胶处理,胶乳中Ndff％值随时间延长而逐步增加。从Ndff％值来看,刺激割胶条件下橡胶树对肥料氮素的征调能力强于传统割胶处理。刺激割胶条件下的胶乳肥料氮流失量显著大于传统割胶处理,但两者带走的肥料氮素占氮肥施用量的比例都不高,分别仅为0.18％和0.05％。     

浅谈高校图书馆人力资源管理开发与创新

通过对图书馆传统人事管理误区的分析,提出了要发展图书馆事业必须建立起现代新型人力资源管理和开发的模式.本文从绩效考评机制和人才培养机制两个方面来论述人力资源管理的开发,提出应在图书馆的人力资源管理中引入人本管理的理念,进而提升图书馆人力资源管理的水平.     

Activation of equine neutrophils by phorbol myristate acetate or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induces a different response in reactive oxygen species production and release of active myeloperoxidase

Neutrophil (PMN) contribution to the acute inflammatory processes may lead to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen metabolites species (ROS) and secretion of granule enzymes. We compared the effects of either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in combination with a pre-treatment by cytochalasin B (CB) on the production of ROS and the release of total and active myeloperoxidase (MPO) by isolated equine PMNs. The ROS production was assessed by lucigenin dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and ethylene release by α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid (KMB) oxidation. In the supernatant of activated PMNs, total equine MPO was measured by ELISA and active MPO by the SIEFED (Specific Immunologic Extraction Followed by Enzymatic Detection) technique that allows for the study of the interaction of a compound directly with the enzyme. The stimulation of PMNs with CB-fMLP only modestly increased the release of MPO, but more than 70% of released MPO was active. PMA stimulation markedly increased the production of ROS and release of MPO, but more than 95% of released MPO was inactive. When PMNs were pre-incubated with superoxide dismutase (SOD) prior to PMA activation, the lucigenin enhanced CL, which is linked to the superoxide anion (O₂⁻) production, was much more decreased than KMB oxidation, linked to the hydroxyl-like radical production. The addition of SOD prior to the activation of PMNs by PMA also limited the loss of the activity of released MPO. These results confirm the key role of O₂⁻ generation in the ROS cascade in PMN and reveal its critical role on MPO inactivation.     

生活垃圾模拟填埋条件下水解酶活力及产气研究

以小型填埋反应器模拟实验(恒温(36±2)℃,运行120d)为基础,采用pH值调节、营养元素添加(Fe3 和S2-)以及微生物接种3种处理方式,研究了生活垃圾填埋降解过程中纤维素酶、淀粉酶变化和产气情况。结果表明:3种处理方式下淀粉酶活力均显著高于纤维素酶活力(p<0.01),纤维素水解酶活力在偏酸性(pH4.5～6.0)条件下较高,而淀粉酶在酸性较强(如pH4.5)的条件下活性较低。添加Fe3 条件下纤维素酶活性增强,而淀粉酶活性减弱;Fe3 的加入可显著促进甲烷气体的产生和及其体积分数的提高,产气时间延长,S2-对两种水解酶活力的影响与Fe3 的趋势相同,但幅度较小。接种微生物是促进城市生活垃圾快速降解产气的有效方式,水解酶活力和产气量及甲烷体积分数均显著增加,仅接种微生物的反应器气体甲烷体积分数达到55%以上,而微生物接种和Fe3 加入相结合的方式反应器气体甲烷体积分数达到62%以上。     

The Stimulating Effects of Rewatering on Leaf Area of Winter Wheat Suffering Water Stress

After water stress at various levels and durations at different growth stages, rewatering could greatly stimulate the leaf area development of winter wheat. The results showed that the stimulation effect changed with water stress time, degree and duration. Rewatering under earlier stress had greater stimulation effect on leaf area than that under later stress. Higher stimulation effect was observed under severe water stress than that under moderate stress. Longer duration of stress resulted in low stimulation effect. In spite of the greater stimulation effect under severe and longer stress, the final leaf area in these situations was lower than that under moderate stress and shorter duration. Whenever the stress occurred, the stimulating effect was due to the increase of the leaf area of the tillers. Once the leaf on the main stem emerged during stress period,rewatering had no effect on its size, and consequently its leaf area. The stimulation of rewateirng on leaf area contributed to the final grain yield by 45% under moderate stress, and 67% under severe stress. Although the stimulation partly compensated for the loss during stress, the final leaf area and the grain yield could not reach the level without water stress.     

水分胁迫后复水对冬小麦叶面积的激发作用

 在不同生育时期遭受不同程度及不同持续时间水分胁迫的冬小麦复水后 ,对叶面积存在明显的激发作用。结果表明 ,复水对叶面积的激发幅度与复水前胁迫发生时期、胁迫程度及其持续时间有关。早期胁迫比中期胁迫复水对叶面积的激发幅度大 ;复水对叶面积的激发幅度与胁迫前的胁迫程度呈正相关 ,而与胁迫持续时间呈负相关 ,即胁迫程度越高 ,胁迫持续时间越短 ,激发幅度越大。但从叶面积最终可恢复到的程度看 ,与胁迫程度及持续时间都呈负相关。不论胁迫发生在哪个时期 ,复水对冬小麦叶面积的激发 ,都是通过增加新生蘖叶面积实现的 ,复水对主茎叶片数及叶片尺寸影响不大。激发作用对最终籽粒产量的贡献 ,中度胁迫下可达到 4 5 % ,重度胁迫下则可高达 6 7%。尽管复水的激发作用能挽回胁迫期间的部分损失 ,但小麦最终叶面积及产量均不能恢复到适宜供水的对照水平     

全血法鸡淋巴细胞转化试验最佳试验条件的研究

通过丝裂原浓度、血液稀释度、灭活犊牛血清浓度和培养时间四个参数的测定，确定了鸡全血淋巴细胞转化试验的最佳培养条件。最佳试验方法如下：采用不含灭活犊牛血清的ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养液，刺激管中ＣｏｎＡ浓度为４５μｇ／ｍｌ或ＬＰＳ浓度为２５μｇ／ｍｌ，血液稀释度为１：２０，４０℃培养５６ｈ，在培养结束前１６ｈ加＾３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）。本法简单方便，可检测Ｔ、Ｂ细胞的功能状况及用于鸡病病理发     

羧甲基茯苓多糖促诱生细胞因子的研究

羧甲基茯苓多糖（Carboxymethylpachymaran,CMP）12.5～100μg/ml对Nama-lwa类淋巴细胞、S801和S7811白血病细胞促诱生干扰素-α（IFN-α）效价比常规诱生高10～20倍;10μg/ml对人血淋巴细胞促诱生干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）效价比常规添生高8倍;100μg/ml对人血淋巴细胞促诱生白细胞介素-2（IL-2）效价可以达到2500IU/ml;20～100μg/ml可以刺激人外伤脾细胞产生淋巴毒素（Lymphotoxin,LT）及新抗癌淋巴因子—一白细胞调节素（Leukoregulin,LR）。     

In vitro stimulation of bovine milk lymphocytes standardization of the assay for bovine brucellosis

Lymphocytes of bovine milk origin were investigated by immunostimulation in vitro to standardize the assay for measuring the immune responses of the cells which might be useful in further understanding the immunopathology and diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. The lymphocytes were separated from whole freshly collected milk by centrifugation. The pellet of lymphocytes was washed in RPMI-1640 medium, cultured at different concentrations for different days and with Brucella abortus soluble antigen strain 1119-3 and Concanavalin A. Each culture was labelled with 1.0 μCi of methyl-[³H]thymidine 16–18 hours prior to termination of incubation at 37 C. Termination was done by cooling to 4 C. The cells were harvested for liquid scintillation counting spectrometry. In the groups of calfhood vaccinated cows and nonexposed milkers, a milk lymphocyte concentration of 2.0 × 10⁶/ml of medium yielded a statistically significant blastogenesis. The Brucella abortus soluble antigen concentration of 4.4 μg of protein/well was found optimal to induce significant immunostimulation. A period of 4 days of incubation of the milk lymphocyte in the test was found optimal in inducing statistically significant blastogenesis in this system.     

Immuno-electromicroscopic approach for the study of neural stem cell niches

Lymphoproliferative response (LPR) was studied in 19 lambs orally infected (Group I) with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) with in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test using MTT dye reduction assay. The non-specific LPR against Con A and specific LPR against sonicated antigen and johnin PPD (purified protein derivatives) were estimated on preinfection (0 day) and various days postinfection period (15 to 330 dpi) in the animals, which were classified according to histological and bacteriological evidence of paratuberculosis infection. Of the two antigens used, johnin PPD was found to be superior in terms of consistency and uniformity of response over an observation period of about a year. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher LPR were observed in the infected sheep during postinfection period, as compared with preinfection values and values from uninfected control sheep. It was evident from the present study that the LPR in histologically infected animals fluctuated during the long course of infection and had a definite relationship with the gut pathology and the mycobacterial load. The LPR were stronger but variable in sheep with grades 1, 2 and 3 lesions (paucibacillary) and increased progressively from 30 dpi onwards. The sheep with the advanced lesions (grade 4, multibacillary) showed progressive decline in LPR till 120 dpi after initial stronger response at 30 dpi. Most of the animals were detected by LPR before initiation of faecal shedding of MAP. The results suggested that repeated testing was required while screening an infected flock for detecting most of the positive animals.