Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

二甲苯对小鼠肺组织损伤的初步研究

为了研究二甲苯对小鼠肺组织的损伤情况,以健康成年小鼠作为试验动物,分3个试验组(低、中、高剂量组)1个对照组,给试验组腹腔注射不同剂量二甲苯(0.125、0.25、0.5 mL/kg),给对照组腹腔注射生理盐水.15 d后剖检取材,采用石蜡切片和HE染色技术研究二甲苯染毒后小鼠肺组织结构的变化特点;采用分光光度法测定小...     

干旱胁迫及复水处理对白羊草抗旱生理特性的影响

以白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)为材料,采用盆栽试验设计,在干旱胁迫和复水后,研究了其栽培种和野生种叶片相对含水量(RWC)、细胞外渗率、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)等抗性指标的变化,探讨白羊草在干旱胁迫和复水后的生理生化特征.结果表明,随干旱胁迫时间的延长,...     

~(60)Coγ辐射菜心种子对苗期细胞膜及保护酶活性的影响

用60 Coγ射线辐照预先浸泡 1h的菜心种子 ,结果表明大于 2 0 0Gy的剂量处理引起膜透性迅速增大、MDA积累和POD活性显著提高 ,SOD活性在 40 0Gy以上时增大 ,六十天特青的辐射敏感性大于四九菜心 ;适宜的诱变剂量为 2 0 0～ 30 0Gy。     

Pb,Zn对超富集植物(小鳞苔草)抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过人工气候箱盆栽实验,研究Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫对小鳞苔草(Carex gentilisFranch.)根和叶中SOD,POD及CAT活性的影响。结果表明:叶片SOD活性随Pb和Zn浓度增加均呈缓慢上升趋势,根部SOD则表现为有升有降的过程,Pb Zn复合处理可提高根部和叶片SOD活性,最高分别为201.8 U/gFW和233.1U/gFW。根部POD活性随Pb,Zn浓度增加均出现不同程度提高,但叶片POD活性呈有升有降的过程;根部和叶片POD在Pb Zn复合处理中活性增幅明显,最高分别为对照的7.47倍和1.49倍。根部和叶片中CAT在Pb,Zn及其复合处理中活性均受到不同程度的抑制。方差分析显示,Pb对根部3种酶活性影响显著;Zn对叶片POD活性影响显著;Pb Zn互作对植株体内POD和根部SOD影响极显著。经综合分析,小鳞苔草在Pb,Zn及其复合胁迫条件下,SOD和POD起主要作用,并具有耐Pb高浓度胁迫的抗氧化酶活性调控能力,可望在中国西部铅锌复合污染区植物修复中提供一种新资源。     

Effects of Ammonium Nitrate and Monosodium Glutamate in Waste Water on the Growth,Antioxidant Activity,and Nitrogen Assimilation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

It has been hypothesized that the uptake of organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen compounds found in wastewater can be properly substituted for plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to compare effects of applying monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (AN) on nitrogen metabolism and growth of lettuce. The results showed that while NH₄NO₃ (AN), NO₃^-, nitrite content and NR activity increased the protein content of lettuce. Applying MGW with a high concentration of 17 amino acids and macro- and microelements improved the fresh weights of shoot and root as well as the protein content of lettuce. Antioxidant activities were not affected by AN and MGW, and their interaction effects only increased POD after 8 weeks. In conclusion, substituting a portion of the chemical fertilizers with MGW improved lettuce growth, but did not increase NO₃^- accumulation in leaves.     

拟丝孢镰刀菌侵染对马铃薯块茎生理生化特性的影响

马铃薯干腐病是马铃薯贮藏期主要病害之一,已经成为马铃薯产业发展的一个主要限制因子,确定病原菌的侵染特性对于早期预报和防治干腐病具有重要的意义。对马铃薯干腐病主要致病菌拟丝孢镰刀菌(Fusarium trichothecioides)侵染马铃薯过程中薯块的生理生化特性进行研究。结果表明,不同抗性的马铃薯被拟丝孢镰刀菌侵染后,丙二醛(MDA)含量都出现出下降的趋势,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性对薯块抵抗病原菌的侵染起到了一定的作用,可溶性蛋白质含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性和抗病性密切相关。     

青菜SOD活性与总蛋白的发育相关分析

研究了青菜生长过程中,体内SOD活性和总蛋白含量的动态变化,探讨了SOD活性与总蛋白含量的发育相关性。实验结果表明,青菜苗生长过程中,比较不同培养条件的测定结果,3倍Hoagland's(霍格兰氏)营养液沙培养的青菜的SOD活性和总蛋白含量最高;SOD活性先上升,之后再下降,在第26天和第27天达到最高值144.5U/gFW;总蛋白含量呈现先上升再下降的趋势,在第27天和第28天达到最高值471.1mg/gFW左右。Pearson相关矩阵分析表明,在p<0.05时,SOD活性与总蛋白含量呈线性正相关关系,相关性较显著,Pearson相关系数达到0.818。     

郁金香切花瓶插期SOD、CAT及POD活性的变化

郁金香切花在整个瓶插过程中,叶片SOD活性呈下降趋势;花瓣SOD活性在瓶插初期随花蕾发育迅速上升,3天后随花朵开放迅速下降.CAT,活性变化趋势与SOD活性变化趋势大体一致,在花瓣上表现更为明显.POD活性与CAT活性的变化表现出明显的交替增减趋势,二者在清除H₂O₂过程中可能交替发挥作用.