工况对发动机排气门失效的影响

发动机排气门在高温冲击环境下工作，恶劣的工况环境是使排气失效的重要原因之一。虽然在这种工况下，环境介质、气门机构的动力学特性都可使气门早期失效，但大量的研究表明：在正常情况下，影响气门失效的主要工况参数是温度及冲击次数。为此，讨论了汽车发动机工况对排气门失效的影响；探讨了进一步提高其使用寿命的有效途径。     

基于实验和CFD分析的QDP-200电泵故障诊断与改进

对QDP-200塑料泵进行了性能试验和温升试验分析，并借助CFD软件模拟了其内部全流场的分布情况。从试验和内部流动规律双重角度深入分析，找到了此型号泵性能不能满足用户要求的原因所在：水力部件设计简化和匹配不合理使得水泵效率低，厂家盲目的“模块化”生产给实际用户带来了巨大的安全隐患；对此给出了相应的改进建议。首次用CFD技术分析了QDP-200潜水电泵在非设计工况运行时的流动情况，从流动规律角度分析了合理选型的必要性。     

水稻谷粒的挤压力学性能研究

水稻谷粒的损伤与破碎除与其所受内、外力的作用有关,还与其本身的力学性能有关。通过对水稻谷粒的挤压力学试验,测得了其力-位移曲线,分析了水稻谷粒的挤压破碎过程。破坏力和破坏能是水稻谷粒力学特性的两个重要指标。试验研究了稻谷的品种、成熟程度、后熟作用和谷壳对水稻谷粒力学性能的影响。比较了有壳、无壳谷粒的破坏力与破坏能,分析了谷壳对谷粒力-位移曲线及刚度的影响。指出谷壳在降低谷粒收获、加工、储运中的损伤程度具有重要作用。     

大坝安全风险评估初探

根据风险理论在其它领域的应用实践，以及大坝安全风险管理在国外的应用经验，将大坝安全风险评估的原理、实施步骤等进行了阐述，探讨了大坝风险因素、失事树分析法及事件概率计算方法等诸多关键问题，并通过算例对文中所探讨的问题进行了较为明确的应用与说明。     

深厚覆盖层上高心墙堆石坝坝顶开裂特征及原因研究

国内多座深厚覆盖层上兴建的高心墙土石坝坝顶均出现不同程度的开裂,对坝体的长期安全稳定构成威胁,受到业内广泛关注。通过地质雷达、高密度电法等物探技术确定某高心墙堆石坝顶裂缝时空分布情况,根据变形实测资料分析了其变形破坏特征,并结合工程建设情况、结构特征、运行情况等对开裂原因进行分析。结果表明坝顶裂缝产生的根本原因是土体承受的应力超过其抗拉强度或抗剪强度后而发生的破坏,直接原因为坝顶的不均匀沉降,其中水荷载、湿化变形、蓄水速度、坝顶材料特性是坝顶不均匀沉降的关键影响因素。     

LH300森林消防ATV发动机冷却水泵的改进

介绍了消防ATV的特点及功能，分析了其故障产生的原因并提出了改进措施。     

Correlation of cardiac enlargement as assessed by vertebral heart size and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in dogs with evolving cardiomegaly due to rapid ventricular pacing

Vertebral heart size (VHS) has been proposed as a method for quantifying cardiomegaly in dogs. This study was designed to determine how well echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings correlated with VHS. Dogs were rapid-paced into varying degrees of cardiomegaly and were monitored by thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography during development of cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were compared with VHS. VHS increased with increased duration or rate of pacing or both, and left atrium-to-aorta ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, P wave duration, and QRS duration correlated significantly with VHS. VHS (a score obtained from routine thoracic radiographs) seems to correlate well with both echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters. When 9 veterinarians, experienced in interpretation of cardiac silhouettes on radiographs, measured VHS from 1 normal dog and 1 dog with severe cardiomegaly, coefficients of variation (ratio of standard deviation to the mean) for their measurements were 2.7% and 2.8%, respectively. Thus, VHS could be established with great uniformity by experienced interpreters.     

Clinical assessment of left ventricular relaxation

Ventricular relaxation is altered in a number of cardiac disorders affecting domestic animals. Clinical determination of the ventricular relaxation rate can provide useful information regarding disease severity and response to therapy. We believe that the current gold standard for assessing left ventricular relaxation requires measurement of ventricular luminal pressure at end-expiration using a high-fidelity catheter. Ventricular pressure should be digitized at ≥200 Hz for the period of pressure fall between the minimum rate of change of ventricular pressure and 10 mm Hg above left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of the preceding beat. The rate of relaxation then should be determined from the digitized data by Marquardt nonlinear least squares parameter estimation using an exponential decay model with nonzero asymptote. The major disadvantage in using an invasive method for evaluating left ventricular relaxation is that it requires general anesthesia in animals that frequently are categorized as high-risk anesthetic patients. Noninvasive estimates of ventricular relaxation using echocardiographic parameters such as isovolumic relaxation time, peak early filling rate, and time from end-systole to peak filling rate provide a crude and nonspecific assessment of ventricular relaxation that can be obtained from conscious animals. Determinations of these echocardiographic indices are of limited usefulness in assessing changes in ventricular relaxation associated with disease progression or therapeutic intervention, unless concurrent estimates of left atrial pressure, mitral valve characteristics, and left ventricular compliance are available.