Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.     

山地校园不同下垫面雨水径流重金属污染特征和健康风险评估

[目的] 了解山地校园不同下垫面雨水径流重金属污染特征及雨水径流中重金属元素对于人体的健康风险，为山地海绵城市建设提供径流污染控制参考和人员健康保护基础数据。[方法] 2019年7月22日在重庆交通大学针对屋顶、道路、停车场和广场4种典型的下垫面进行了雨水径流的取样监测，并统计分析场次降雨平均浓度（EMC）、电导率（EC）、钠吸附率（SAR）、危险商（HQ）和危险指数（HI）。[结果] 广场径流过程中重金属元素整体变化波动较大，道路雨水径流的重金属健康风险最大而屋顶健康风险最小；大多重金属污染物在产流后的10 min内出现了降幅，其中Fe和Mn的降幅较大，Zn的降幅中等，Cu的降幅最低；As和Cr是雨水径流中健康风险最高的重金属污染物。[结论] 山地校园重金属污染物冲刷速度较快，人流大的下垫面雨水径流中重金属元素变化波动较大，但健康风险较低；车流大的下垫面雨水径流中重金属元素波动较为稳定，但健康风险较高。     

Anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements in roadside topsoils of a suburban region of Bishkek,Central Asia

The ecological environment in Central Asia is vulnerable to pressure from human activity due to the physical geography and climatic fragility of this region. A set of indicators suitable for the future assessment of this pressure needs to be proposed. Thirty‐six topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were collected from roadsides in a suburban region of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, and a risk assessment of anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was systematically conducted with classic statistical methods. The results of detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis clearly showed that topsoil samples with high contents of PTEs (Pb, Zn and Cu) were strongly affected by traffic within a distance threshold of 200 m and that anthropogenic effects decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. The enrichment factor and anthropogenic contribution for Pb were the highest among the three PTEs, with average values of 2.0% and 47.4%, respectively, suggesting enrichment. However, the results of the human health risk assessment also indicated that noncarcinogenic risks did not occur for any of the anthropogenic PTEs. The reported method provides a new systematic pathway to reveal anthropogenic influences on the geochemical composition of soil. The conclusions of this work will be highly valuable as important guidelines for agriculture, and the results of the PTE contents will provide a scientific basis for soil collection in future studies.     

不同甜荞资源的营养保健成分研究

[目的]明确部分甜荞资源的营养保健成分含量,筛选出优质的甜荞资源。[方法]以产量较高的丰甜1号、平甜2号、纯甜1号、纯甜3号、纯甜4号、威甜1号、威甜2号和纯甜1408号为试验材料,测定了荞麦籽粒中总糖、还原糖、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、黄酮等含量,同时测定了籽粒的膨胀力和持水力。[结果]部分甜荞品种中可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、还原糖、总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量及持水力、膨胀力差异显著,而所有品种间黄酮含量的差异不显著。[结论]甜荞籽粒中淀粉含量较高,以支链淀粉为主。     

茶文化在高职林科类院校心理健康教育中的实践与探索

茶文化作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,其蕴含的心理健康教育思想内容丰富且历史悠久。近年来高校大学生数量激增,学生心理健康问题层出不穷,在高职院校中尤为凸显,且高职林科类院校中艰苦专业多,当前心理健康教育方式方法出现瓶颈,效果固化。通过茶文化中积极健康的思想,结合大学生心理健康教育教学,创新教育途径,探索并找到较好的实践运用手段,提高大学生的心理健康素质,促进大学生综合水平提高,具有较好现实意义和价值。     

雪莲果保健冰淇淋的生产工艺研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验，得到雪莲果保健冰淇淋的最优配方为:雪莲果浆 20%、白砂糖 10%、脱脂乳粉 5%、稀奶油 10%、鲜牛乳 45%、蛋黄粉 1%、复合稳定剂 0.5%、水 8.5%。感官评价结果显示，雪莲果冰淇淋组织细腻，具有雪莲果独特风味；营养成分分析结果显示，雪莲果冰淇淋糖(12.38%±0.06%)和脂肪(6.58%±0.22%)的含量较低，而总固形物(39.05%±0.05%)、粗蛋白(15.20%±0.18%)含量较高。此外，雪莲果浆的添加，使冰淇淋中粗纤维(0.06%±0.01%)和Vc(6.54%±0.08%)等功能性成分含量增加，提升了冰淇淋的风味特色和保健功效。雪莲果冰淇淋是一款低糖、低脂、高蛋白、高营养的保健冰淇淋，具有开发价值。     

植物生长调节剂在中药材栽培上的应用

植物生长调节剂是人工合成的具有植物激素活性的一类化学物质,一般分为植物生长促进剂、植物生长延缓剂和植物生长抑制剂3类。笔者总结了植物生长调节剂在中药材栽培上的应用,归纳为促进生长发育、矮化植株并提高抗逆性、增加中药材产量、提高有效成分含量4个方面,进而简要分析了植物生长调节剂的作用机理;探讨了植物生长调节剂施用不当可能降低中药材活性成分含量、导致残留危害、影响中药材栽培环境等问题。并提出,从对药材质量的影响、检测方法与技术的开发、使用规范和残留限量标准的完善等方面开展进一步的研究,以期为科学使用植物生长调节剂提供依据,为促进中药材种植产业健康发展、保障中药用药安全提供参考。     

Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.     

基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统开发与应用

蔬菜是我国重要的农产品,其质量安全问题关系着国计民生,一直是社会关注的重点。当前我国的蔬菜产品质量安全问题仍然十分广泛和严重,问题蔬菜的来源去向不明、责任不清,企业对蔬菜种植基地的管理缺乏有效的信息管理手段,消费者对购买蔬菜缺乏有效可靠的信息获取途径。因此,从信息技术的角度构建了一个基于溯源技术的蔬菜基地管理系统,详细介绍了蔬菜溯源码的设计、系统的开发环境、业务流程与主要功能,并重点阐述以规程控制为农业生产指导的蔬菜安全管理模式。系统的开发与应用,实现了"问题蔬菜"的企业内部溯源,以及消费者通过手机查询蔬菜溯源信息,为蔬菜企业提供了对基地种植进行质量管理的信息化工具,为政府提供了一种溯源系统解决方案。     

88%异丙甲草胺乳油防除高粱田杂草田间药效评价

为寻找高粱田适宜除草剂,2013年在林甸县农业科学技术推广中心试验园区试验地进行了高粱播后苗前土壤封闭处理化学除草试验。结果表明:在高粱播后苗前土壤封闭喷施88%异丙甲草胺乳油1 350~1 650g·hm-2,对一年生禾本科杂草稗草、狗尾草和部分阔叶杂草藜、反枝苋等具有较好的防除效果,控草时间长达40d以上,对高粱生长安全。