减少蔬菜碳足迹的主要肥料合理用量分析——以浏阳蔬菜生产合作社为例

肥料是影响作物产量和农业碳排放的主要因子之一。研究基于减少单位产量碳足迹,探讨主要肥料的合理用量。对浏阳4个合作社中黄瓜、苦瓜、豆角、莴笋、苋菜、茄子等8种蔬菜生产进行3年定点调查,并对相关数据进行统计分析。结果表明:每季蔬菜生产氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、厩肥施用量依次为:0、327.2、0、48936 kg/hm2,可使单位产量碳足迹减少85.85%,产量提高24.11%。因此,浏阳发展高效低碳蔬菜种植产业关键施肥技术在于减少氮肥与钾肥的使用,控制磷肥的用量,增施厩肥。     

Quantifiable Technique for Product Definition

近年来，我国水果种植业发展十分迅速，总产量跃居世界第一位。但是，一种奇怪的现象一直困扰着水果市场，一方面农民卖果难；另一方面水果出口数量发展缓慢，国内市场终端的水果质量也不尽人意。除了某些水果品种过时、栽培技术有待改进外，另一个主要原因就是水果物流过程中存在着诸多问题。提高我国水果在国际市场的竞争能力，改善我国水果市场终端的商品品质，减少水果采后物流中的损耗是摆在水果研究人员面前亟待解决的问题。本文将对几种有代表性水果的物流现状进行概述，并就目前水果物流中存在的问题进行分析。１红富士苹果１．１主…     

Index System of Sub-Microstructure Analysis System of Asphalt Concrete(MASAC)

Based on the study of image processing algorithm,the Sub-Microstructure Analysis System of Asphalt Concrete(MASAC) suitable for Windows Operating System was specially programmed.In this paper the index system of MASAC is chiefly illustrated and the functions of a part of indexes are briefly introduced.The index system is classified into 5 types,i.e.characteristics of aggregate particles,arrangement of aggregate particles,contact among aggregate particles,air voids between aggregate particles and distribution of aggregate particles.By analysis for the microstructure of asphalt concrete,it can be used to investigate the internal relationship between asphalt concrete microstructure and macro-performance,and evaluate the asphalt mixture homogeneity.     

Nitrogen availability decreases prokaryotic diversity in sandy soils

In this study, the interrelation between nitrogen availability and prokaryotic diversity are studied using a well-characterised system from a long-term field experiment on a loamy sandy soil. The prokaryotic potential functional diversity and community composition were assessed using community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), and their phylogenetic diversity was analysed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) in combination with sequencing analysis. Highest prokaryotic potential functional diversity was measured in the control soil receiving no N fertilisation, indicating an efficient as well as versatile utilisation of the substrates in this soil. Both substrate utilisation richness and substrate utilisation evenness, the two constituents of the functional diversity, were decreased with increasing N supply. Furthermore, distinct prokaryotic community compositions were generated in N-enriched soils compared to unfertilised control soils. These differences suggest a dominance of populations adapted to utilising readily available substrates. We demonstrated that the shift in prokaryotic functional diversity was connected to a shift in the phylogenetic structure of the bacterial and archaeal communities. Taken together, our data clearly show that, for the sandy soil system, prokaryotic diversity and N availability were interrelated.     

Comparison of Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys, basal area models, and fitting methods for the aspen forest type in Minnesota

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) unit of the U.S. Forest Service has collected, compiled, and made available plot data from three measurement periods (identified as 1977, 1990, and 2003, respectively) within Minnesota. Yet little if any research has compared the relative utility of these datasets for developing empirical yield models. This paper compares these and other subdatasets in the context of fitting a basal area (B) yield model to plot data from the aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest type. In addition, several models and fitting methods are compared for their applicability and stability over time. Results suggest that the three parent datasets, along with their subdatasets, provide very similar three parameter B yield model prediction capability, but as model complexity increases, variability in coefficient estimates increases between datasets. The absence of data for older aspen stands and the inherent noise within B data prevented the exact determination of an overall best model. However, the model B = b₁S^b₂(1 − exp( − b₃A)) with site index (S) and stand age (A) as predictors was found consistently among the highest in precision and stability. Additionally, nonlinear least squares and nonlinear mixed-effects fitting procedures produced similar model fits, but the latter is preferred for its potential to improve model projections. The results indicate little practical difference between datasets from different time periods and different sizes when used for fitting the models. Additionally, these results will likely extend to other states or regions with similar remeasurement data on aspen and other forest types, thus facilitating the development of other ecological models focused on forest management.     

基于PCA的福建省顺昌县森林健康评价

以福建省顺昌县的杉木纯林、毛竹纯林、杉木马尾松混交林、杉木阔叶混交林、阔叶林等5块样地为对象,从结构性、功能性和抗干扰性等3个方面出发,筛选出15个指标,并利用主成分分析（PCA）实现了研究区森林健康评价。结果显示：福建省顺昌县杉木纯林、毛竹纯林、杉木马尾松混交林、杉木阔叶混交林、阔叶林等5块样地的森林健康综合指数值依次为-0．27、-0．25、0．35、0．53和-0．01,从优到次的排名为：杉木阔叶混交林、杉木马尾松混交林、阔叶林、毛竹纯林、杉木纯林。     

红松种子园经济效益分析

文章通过辽宁清河城红松种子园建设投资及生产效益调查,运用技术经济分析方法,对清河城红松种子园的费用、收益和经济效益进行了全面分析,结果表明,营建红松种子园经济效益巨大,每公顷种子园一个生产周期,可创利68965540.09元,是投资的160倍,投资收益率高达11.2%,1元投资可带来102.98元的直接收益。种子收益是营建红松种子园最直接的效益,可长期持续高效获得。     

玉米种子加工线的计算机仿真分析

本文用计算机仿真手段对吉林省2000t的玉米种子加工线再现了其两种工艺流程,根据现场反映的配套问题和仿真结果对第一工艺流程提出了改进方案,认为现有系统的精选机生产率应增加一倍,能提高经济性,并且对具有不同仓数的系统进行了分析。     

Performance Assessment of Chlorophyll Meter to Determine When to Irrigate Wheat under Different Soil Moisture Deficit Conditions: An Initial Study

ABSTRACT

Proper irrigation timing can minimize the negative impacts that reduce crop yields. Therefore, in an initial pot experimental study, we assessed the SPAD (Soil–Plant Analysis Development)-chlorophyll meter as a tool to determine proper irrigation timing of wheat under different soil water deficit conditions in a controlled-environment greenhouse. The treatments were controlled irrigation at 100% (T₁), 70% (T₂), 50% (T₃) and 30% (T₄) of soil water content at field capacity; and the growth stages were development, mid-season and late-season. SPAD readings were measured pre-irrigation events. The results indicated that the T₃ and T₂ achieved maximum grain yield per accumulated crop evapotranspiration, i.e. water productivity (0.82 and 0.76 kg m^?3), and were at par with T₁. Moreover, the SPAD readings had a high Pearson’s correlation coefficient with crop evapotranspiration (r = 0.95; P ≤ 0.001) and wheat grain yield (r = 0.90; P ≤ 0.001), indicating that SPAD reading could be used to reliably estimate when to irrigate wheat. Therefore, T₃ and T₂ SPAD readings were averaged to estimate a target limit at which irrigation should be applied. Accordingly, the target limit was defined as >44.76 for the development stage, >50.72 for the mid-season stage, and >37.64 for the late-season stage; readings below this target limit indicate that it is time to irrigate.     

对环境安全问题的分析

介绍了环境安全的概念和内容,并针对我国环境安全现状,提出了解决问题建议。