蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病害及其病原菌鉴定

为明确蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病害及其病原菌种类,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,并根据其培养性状、形态学和分子生物学rDNA-ITS特征进行鉴定。结果表明,该病害的病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizotonia solani)。室内致病性测试结果表明,立枯丝核菌可引起蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病。本研究首次报道了蒙古黄芪苗期立枯病及其病原菌,可为生产上该病害的防治提供理论依据。     

机器视觉技术在农产品检测中的应用研究

机器视觉技术在农产品检测领域得到了广泛的应用,并随着相关技术的不断成熟和发展,机器视觉在农产品检测领域中的应用必将对传统检测模式产生巨大影响。本文分析了机器视觉技术在农产品检测中的应用现状,提出了应用中出现的问题,并为未来的研究方向进行了初步的探讨。     

基于SECI知识转化模型的农民技能培养模式研究

通过对农民能力形成的动态性和能力形成的主要方式分析,并根据SECI知识转化模型和动态能力理论,指出当前新农村建设过程中加强农民技能培训,提高广大农民的能力对促进农业产业结构的调整和农村经济发展的重要性。     

甘肃敦煌棉蚜抗药性测定

１９９４－１９９５年,采用浸渍法建立了２２种杀虫剂对甘肃敦煌棉蚜的毒力回归线,可作为今后用浸渍法监测棉蚜抗药性的相对敏感毒力基线,与国内敏感棉蚜种群的毒力基线比较,１９９４年敦煌棉蚜对氰戊菊酯和灭多威处于敏感性水平,对氰化乐果和久效磷达到中抗水平（３１．４２和２７．４５倍）,对溴氰菊酯达极高抗水平（２７４．３９倍）;对联苯菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯等药剂显示出早期抗性的迹象。１９９５年棉蚜对     

移动式土壤工作部件性能参数测试系统

介绍了基于土槽的土壤工作部件性能参数测试系统的构成、关键技术问题的处理,论述了一种定点等距采集数据的方法,该方法采用计算机软件对机组的位移脉冲信号连续计数,以确定采样点的位置和采集牵引阻力等数据。试验表明,采用定点等距采集数据方法的系统不仅具有结构简单、可动态显示数据等优点,而且便于离线定点研究土壤坚实度、土壤湿度等参数与机组牵引阻力的关系。     

黄瓜中农药残留检测能力验证分析

为保证基层实验室检测能力的稳定性、准确性,进一步提高农业系统质检机构的能力建设,通过上级部门对基层设置考核盲样,在规定时间内准确检测出具体参数及含量,进行实验室之间的比对,提高基层检测机构检测能力的整体水平。本次实验对黄瓜中的未知农药参数进行检测,总结了实验室农产品农药残留检测能力验证过程中的注意事项与技巧。结果表明,为确保检测结果的准确性,检测结果回收率应控制在70~130 %之间,相对标准偏差不高于15 %,为顺利通过能力验证考核,对实验过程中应特别注意的事项及关键点进行了探讨。     

液压阀插装实验台的设计

怎样快速准确的确定液压阀在液压系统中的故障现象,一直是液压工作者有待解决的问题。该实验台通过某些特殊设计的插装装置和快换管接头,把假设有故障的液压元件和实验台快速连接起来,可进行各种性能检测,确定其损坏程度,从而节省了诊断故障的时间并避免了维修中不必要的损伤。在教学上,该实验台可使实验者自选液压元件,设计、组装液压基本回路或液压系统,从而打破了以往实验者“只能看不能动”的蔽病,提高实验者的动手能力。在工程上,利用该实验台模拟制造的液压系统,可预测其实际工作状况的好坏,从而避免了在实际生产制造中由于某些性能指标达不到要求而带来的不良后果。     

党参茎基腐病镰孢菌鉴定及其对杀菌剂的敏感性研究

为明确党参茎基腐病害的病原、致病性和优势病原种类及其对不同杀菌剂的敏感性,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,并根据其培养性状、形态学和分子生物学特征进行鉴定,同时采用平皿菌丝生长抑制法测定不同药剂的敏感性。结果表明,该病害的病原为尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄病镰孢菌(F. sonali)和木贼镰孢菌(F. equiseti),其中尖孢镰孢菌为优势种。室内致病性测试结果表明,3种镰孢菌均可引起党参茎基腐病,其中尖孢镰孢菌的致病性最强,显著高于其他2种菌。供试药剂对菌丝生长均有抑制作用,苯醚甲环唑对3种镰孢菌具有很强的抑制活性,同时3种镰孢菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性较高。     

Influences of nitrogen treatments and irrigation methods on soil chemical properties

Abstract

Changes in soil chemical properties were investigated in conjunction with an ongoing study of fertility and irrigation relationships of cotton. Four irrigation methods and five nitrogen fertilization rates were the primary focus of the study. The four irrigation regimes studied were: high frequency center pivot, low frequency center pivot, furrow irrigated, and unirrigated. Nitrogen rates were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 lb N/A. Soil samples were collected from each plot in 6‐in‐ increments to a depth of 24 in. in 1982 and again in 1986 after four years of continuous cotton production. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter (OM), P, K, electrical conductivity (EC), and NO₃ ^‐‐N. All background soil characteristics were found to vary with depth with the exception of NO₃ ^‐‐N. The follow‐up sampling and testing in 1986 showed significant differences in soil properties as a function of irrigation, N‐fertilization, depth, and their interactions. Nitrates were accumulated in the 18 to 24‐in. depth under high (120 lb N/A) fertilization, and in the 0 to 6‐in. depth under the four lower treatments (0, 30, 60, and 90 lb N/A). Soil pH was highest in the furrow and high frequency center pivot irrigated regimes and lowest in the unirrigated regime. Soil pH also decreased with depth. Electrical conductivity of the soil was highest in the high frequency regime and not significantly different among the other three irrigation methods. The 0M content of the soil was greatest in the high frequency regime but not significantly different in the low frequency, furrow, or unirrigated blocks. Soil 0M was found to decrease with depth through 18 in. in all cases. The P and K status of the soil was not changed as a result of the N fertilization or irrigation treatments.     

Effect of grinding variables on the NH4HCO3 –dtpa soil test values for Fe,Zn, Mn,Cu, P,and K

Abstract

The effect of grinding force, time, and weight of soil on the NH₄HCO₃ ‐DTPA extractable levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, P and K from 10 Colorado soils were studied. It was found that the amount of extractable iron and zinc increased, with an increase in force or time of grinding. The significant interaction between time and force of grinding indicates that the combined effect of the larger force and the longer time in increasing the extractable levels of Fe and Zn was greater than the additive effects of these factors. The weight of soil being ground had a small effect on extractable Fe (significant at 10% level) and no effect on other elements. Extractable levels of Mn, Cu, P, and K were not affected by the grinding treatments. Iron was increased 112% and zinc was increased 44% due to the combined effects of the larger force and the longer time of grinding in soils averaging 12.8 and 1.1 ppm in Fe and Zn, respectively. It is concluded that grinding variables should be standardized, otherwise interlaboratory comparisons and standardized interpretations of results are not possible.