营养盐产品达可~预防新生犊牛腹泻的效果

利用24头新生荷斯坦犊牛母犊,研究营养盐产品达可R防治新生犊牛腹泻的效果。选择1～2周龄荷斯坦健康犊牛16头和腹泻犊牛8头,随机分为健康对照组(A组)、健康处理组(B1组)和腹泻处理组(B2组),每组8头。A组给饲新鲜常规牛奶,B1组和B2组分别给饲达可300g,分3次进行,每次间隔8h。试验犊牛分别在给饲前后直肠取粪,对其评分,并测定含水量和细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)计数,同时记录生理指标和血液学参数。结果表明,达可产品能够显著(P0.01)降低健康犊牛和腹泻犊牛粪便中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量,表明具有预防和治疗犊牛腹泻的效果,而对犊牛生理和血液指标及血液pH没有不利影响。     

Resveratrol reduces electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation by down-regulating microRNA-21 in neonatal rat atrial myocytes

AIM: To detect the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in primarily cultured neonatal rat atrial myocytes with electric remodeling induced by rapid electrical stimulation (RES). Furthermore, to find out the possible mechanism of miR-21 regulating electrical remodeling. METHODS: The neonatal rat atrial myocytes were isolated by double-enzyme (trypsin and collagenase I) digestion and differential adhesion method. The atrial fibrillation (AF) model was induced by RES. Atrial myocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, RSV group, RES group, and RSV+RES group. To further detect whether RSV regulated electric remodeling by miR-21, except the 4 groups, we add miR-21 over-expression group and miR-21 inhibitor group:RES+negative control (NC) group, RES+miR-21 mimics group, RES+miR-21 mimics+RSV group, RES+miR-21 inhibitor group, and RES+miR-21 inhibitor+RSV group. The optimal concentration and pretreatment time of resveratrol were determined by CCK-8 assay. The expression of miR-21 and the mRNA expression of L-type calcium channels CACNA1C and CACNB2 in atrial myocytes were detected by qPCR. The protein expression of L-type calcium channels Cav1.2 and Cavβ₂ in the atrial myocytes was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: The expression of miR-21 in RES group was significantly increased compared with control group, while preconditioning with RSV decreased the expression of miR-21. Compared with RES+miR-21 mimics group, the expression of miR-21 in RES+miR-21 mimics+RSV group was significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of CACNA1C and CACNB2, and the protein levels of Cav1.2 and Cavβ₂ were increased (P<0.05). Compared with RES group, the expression of miR-21 in RES+miR-21 inhibitor group and RES+miR-21 inhibitor+RSV group was decreased, while the mRNA expression of CACNA1C and CACNB2, and the protein levels of Cav1.2 and Cavβ₂ were increased. However, no difference of the expression of miR-21, the mRNA expression of CACNA1C and CACNB2, and the protein levels of Cav1.2 and Cavβ₂ among RSV+RES, RES+miR-21 inhibitor and RES+miR-21 inhibitor+RSV groups was observed (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: In AF model induced by RES, RSV may reduce electric remodeling by inhibiting the expression of miR-21 and regulating the downstream target genes.     

Calf health from birth to weaning. II. Management of diarrhoea in pre-weaned calves

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. The second of this three part review series considers the management of diarrhoeic diseases in pre-weaned calves. In neonatal calf diarrhoea, oral rehydration therapy is the single most important therapeutic measure to be carried out by the farmer and is usually successful if instigated immediately after diarrhoea has developed. Continued feeding of milk or milk replacer to diarrhoeic calves is important, to prevent malnourishment and weight loss in affected calves. Indiscriminative antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated diarrhoea is discouraged, whereas systemically ill calves can benefit from systemic antibiotic treatment for the prevention of septicaemia or concurrent diseases. Ancillary treatments and specific preventive measures are discussed. Eimeriosis has a high economic impact on the farming industries due to direct cost of treatment and calf losses, but especially due to decreased performance of clinically as well as sub-clinically affected animals. Emphasis lies on prophylactic or metaphylactic treatment, since the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa once diarrhoea has developed, makes therapeutic intervention unrewarding.     

Clinical Picture and Antibody Response in Pigs Infected by Sarcoptes scabiei var, suis

Abstract— Clinical signs and antibody responses were observed in juvenile SPF-pigs experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis and in neonatal pigs born to a sow cronically infected with S. scabiei. Mange became evident after 2–3 weeks. Three SPF-pigs, which were infected twice, developed clinical signs a few days earlier than three other SPF-pigs infected once. Serum antibodies to S. scabiei were demonstrated by an ELISA, using an extract of S. scabiei var. vulpes as an antigen, 5–7 weeks after the experimental infection and significant levels of antibody to S. scabiei were seen during the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Pruritus was seen at 4 days of age in piglets born to the infected sow. Maternal antibodies to S. scabiei were demonstrated within 6 h reaching mean maximum levels between 24 and 48 h after birth. Résumé— Les symptômes et la réponse anticorps chez des pores SPF infestés expérimentalement par Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis et des porcelets nouveaux nés dans une porcherie infectée chroniquement par Sarcoptes scabiei one étéétudiés. La gale est apparue au bout de deux à trois semaines. Trois pores SPF, qui ont été infectés deux fois, ont présenté des symptômes quelques jours avant trois porcelet SPF infectés une seule fois. Les anticorps spécifiques de Sarcoptes scabiei ont été mis en évidence par une technique EIA, utilisant comme antigène des extraits de Sarcoptes scabiei tar. vulpes, 5 à 7 semaines après l'inoculmation. Des taux significatifs ont été observés tant pendant la phase aigue aue la phase chronique de la maladie. Le prurit était observé dès l'âge de 4 jours pour les porcelets nés dans la porcherie infectée. Des anticorps maternels spécifiques Sarcoptes scabiei ont été mis en evidence dès la sixième heure, avec des pics maximum entre 24 et 48 heures après la mise-bas.     

Preface

Rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. In neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. Concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. Diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enteric nervous system, or due to a rotavirus enterotoxin. Diagnosis of the infection relies on conventional techniques like isolation in MA 104 cell lines, electron microscopy, electro-pherotyping, and various serological tests. Presently, diagnosis and molecular typing is performed using serotype specific RT-PCR, sequencing or genomic hybridization techniques. As the rotaviruses are known to exhibit extreme genetic diversity and outplay disinfection procedures, eradication of the pathogen is often difficult. Hence, for prevention, good management practices coupled with vaccination of dam for protecting young ones, has to be practiced. Recently, new generation prophylactic strategies including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) and edible vaccines have been found to induce sufficient levels of passive immunity. Aside to the infection in animals, zoonotic significance of the animal rotaviruses has to be further unearthed. In this review, efforts have been made to highlight the importance and prevalence of the disease in bovines, its pathogenesis along with preventive measures, salient features of rotaviruses and their inter-species transmission abilities, zoonotic implications, and a concise account of the infection in various domestic animals and poultry.     

秦香止泻方对HRV腹泻乳鼠小肠黏膜一氧化氮浓度的影响

目的研究秦香止泻方对人轮状病毒()腹泻乳鼠小肠黏膜一氧化氮(NO)浓度的影响,探讨该方干预HRV腹泻的作用机制。方法将192只出生3～5 d的乳鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,病毒唑组,秦香止泻方低、中、高剂量组,每组32只,空白组经口灌入不含HRV的培养液,其余各组经口灌入50μL(3.0×108PFU/mL)的Wa株HRV培养液。接种病毒12 h后,各给药组每只乳鼠经口给予相应的秦香止泻方药液50μL,病毒唑组给予同体积的病毒唑,空白组和模型组分别给予同体积的蒸馏水。连续给药8 d后用金胶体试纸方法检测粪便HRV抗原,观察一般情况和腹泻评分,采用微板法测定小肠黏膜NO浓度,并对腹泻评分与NO浓度进行相关性分析。结果接种病毒后第2天开始出现不同程度的腹泻,与模型组和病毒唑组比秦香止泻方能明显缩短腹泻病程,减轻腹泻程度,呈现一定的量效关系,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型组与空白组比较,NO浓度明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),秦香中、高剂量组与模型组比较,第1～6天,NO浓度均显著降低(P<0.01),秦香高、中剂量组与病毒唑组比,第1～5天NO浓...     

Differential expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4-6 (BMP-4, -5, and -6) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) during ovarian development in neonatal pigs

Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), comprise the largest subgroups of ligands in the TGF-β superfamily, and have been shown to be involved in follicle development in mammals. However, whether these factors are involved in folliculogenesis in pigs is still unknown. The present study was performed to determine the relationships between early folliculogenesis and the expression of GDF-9 and BMP (BMP-4, -5 and -6) mRNAs in neonatal pigs. Ovaries were removed at 5, 16, 28 and 39 days after birth to examine the follicular population (the right ovary of each animal) and to detect mRNA expression (the left ovary of each animal). Primordial follicles accounted for >80% of the ovarian follicles from 5 days until 39 days after birth. A marked increase in primary follicles and the appearance of secondary follicles were observed in the ovaries at 28 days after birth. BMP-4, -5, and -6 and GDF-9 mRNAs were expressed by ovaries at 5-, 16-, 28- and 39-day-old pigs. The peak expression of BMP-4, -5, and -6 and GDF-9 mRNAs was observed in the ovaries at 5, 39, 28 and 16 days, respectively, after birth. These data demonstrate that folliculogenesis in piglets might be controlled by the interaction with these factors. We conclude that BMPs and GDF-9 may have distinct functions in several stages of follicle development in neonatal pig ovaries.