金堂黑山羊白介素10基因的克隆及表达分析

为探究山羊白介素10（interleukin 10,IL-10）基因的序列特征及在组织中的相对表达情况,试验采用PCR法扩增并克隆金堂黑山羊IL-10基因,用DNAMAN、DNAStar、ExPASy等生物信息学软件进行序列分析,运用实时荧光定量PCR法检测IL-10基因在金堂黑山羊不同组织中的表达情况。结果显示,金堂黑山羊IL-10基因序列长为379 bp,开放阅读框为276 bp,编码91个氨基酸残基。IL-10蛋白二级结构中含有α-螺旋、β-转角和无规则卷曲,分别为76.92%、2.20%和20.88%。IL-10蛋白三级结构模型与人IL-10（1ilk.1.A）基因同源性最高（86.81%）。系统进化分析结果发现,金堂黑山羊IL-10基因与挪威山羊IL-10基因亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,在金堂黑山羊肺脏中IL-10基因表达水平显著高于脾脏、心脏、肌肉和肾脏（P<0.05）,在肾脏中IL-10基因表达水平显著高于脾脏、心脏和肌肉（P<0.05）,在脾脏、心脏和肌肉中IL-10基因表达水平较低,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。本试验结果揭示了IL-10基因具有高度的保守性,可能参与调控山羊的免疫应答反应。     

Adipolin/CTRP12 protects against LPS-induced ARDS by up-regulating alveolar epithelial sodium channel in mice

AIM: To investigate the effect of adipolin/CTRP12 in LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and its potential regulation on alveolar epithelial sodium channel(ENaC) in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice(n=40) were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, adipolin group and wortmannin(PI3K inhibitor) group with 10 mice in each group using random number table. The pathological changes of the lung tissues were evaluated by HE staining. The alveolar fluid clearance(AFC) was measured by Evans blue-marked albumin, and the concentrations of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were assessed by bicinchoninic acid(BCA) method. In BALF, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by ELISA, and the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) was detected by an MPO assay kit. The total cell counts and polymorphonuclear neutrophil(PMN) counts in the BALF were analyzed by Giemsa staining. The mRNA levels of α-ENaC were assessed by qPCR, while the protein levels of α-ENaC and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the classic ARDS pathological changes were observed in the mice in LPS group, manifesting by severe pathological lung injury(P<0.05), increases in W/D weight ratio, total protein levels, cell counts, MPO activitiy, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the BALF, and decrease in AFC(P<0.05), accompanied by down-regulated levels of α-ENaC and p-Akt in the lung tissues(P<0.05). The deteriorating effects triggered by LPS were significantly reversed by administration of adipolin. However, PI3K inhibitor wortmannin canceled the beneficial effects of adipolin on LPS-induced ARDS, as evidenced by aggravated lung injury, increased levels of W/D weight ratio, protein levels, cell counts, MPO activity, and IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the BALF(P<0.05), and decreased levels of AFC, α-ENaC and p-Akt in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION: Adipolin protects against LPS-induced ARDS in the mice by up-regulating α-ENaC and enhancing AFC via PI3K/Akt signal pathway.     

Relationship between morphological changes of autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation

AIM: To investigate the relationship between morphological changes of autophagy and apoptosis in the PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. METHODS: The PC12 cells were randomly divided into normal control group, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group, autophagy inhibitor group and autophagy activator group. The cells in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group, autophagy inhibitor group and autophagy activator group were exposed to reoxygenation (12 h) after 3 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation, and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and autophagy activator rapamycin were added into the cells at the same time. Using transmission electron microscope and monodansylcadaverine fluorescence staining, the morphological changes of autophagosome were observed. The apoptosis of the PC12 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the numbers of autophagosomes and the apoptotic rates increased in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group (P<0.05). Compared with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group, the numbers of autophagosomes decreased obviously (P<0.05) and the apoptotic rates increased markedly in autophagy inhibitor group (P<0.05). The numbers of autophagosomes increased obviously (P<0.05), the apoptotic rates decreased markedly (P<0.05), the autophagosomes became bigger in size, and autolysosomes was also found in autophagy activator group. CONCLUSION: Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation induce autophagy in PC12 cells, and autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis to play a protective role.     

IL-12 induces T lymphocytes underging apoptosis and affects the expression and signal conduction of Bcl-2

AIM: IL-12 acts upon T lymphocytes and activates its receptor complexes of β1/β2 ,and so IL-12 can regulate TH1/TH2 balance. Our study is aimed at IL-12-inducing apoptosis of T cells and expression and signal conduction of Bcl-2 during T cell apoptosis. METHODS: The apoptosis of T cells was detected by Annexin V staining cytometry and the expression of Bcl-2 under different inhibitors were detected by the method of semi-quantitative PCR. RESULTS: IL-12 can induce the human leukemic T cell line(TIB-152) and the human lymphoma T cell line(HTB-176) and the normal human T cells to undergo apoptosis. The Bcl-2 expression at 6 hours of treatment with IL-12 increased aparently, and reached the max at 24 hours. But IL-12 did influence Bcl-2 expression. IL-12 can induce T cells to undergo apoptosis which is characterized by early membrane changes. CONCLUSION: The inducing effect is correlated with the concentration of IL-12 and the maturation of T cells. Bcl-2 takes part in the progression of T cells' apoptosis as a apoptosis mediator.     

罗曼鸡胚脾细胞白介素-18基因的克隆与序列分析

根据国外已发表的鸡白细胞介素 18(IL- 18) c DNA基因序列设计了 1对特异性引物 ,应用 RT- PCR技术 ,从鸡新城疫 系病毒接种 4 8h左右的罗曼鸡胚脾细胞中扩增出鸡 IL - 18全基因 ,并进行了序列测定。结果表明 ,扩增片段全长 5 94 bp,共编码 198个氨基酸的前体蛋白 ,其中含有表达完整功能蛋白所必需的起始密码子和终止密码子。该序列与国外报道的鸡 IL - 18全基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为 99.8%和 10 0 % ;序列中编码成熟蛋白的这段基因与国内报道的源自白来航鸡编码 IL- 18成熟蛋白的基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为 99.8%和 99.4 %。本研究为鸡 IL - 18的扩增及其他细胞因子的扩增提供了一种简便易行的新方法 ,为进一步研究IL- 18基因的结构、功能、表达及表达产物的应用奠定了良好基础     

基于HP滤波法的菠萝价格波动分析——以北京丰台区新发地农产品批发市场为例

近年来,菠萝价格波动异常频繁,对消费者和生产者造成很大的影响。本文运用2011年8月至2015年9月北京丰台区新发地农产品批发市场菠萝批发价格数据作为研究对象,剔除通货膨胀对菠萝价格的影响,分析菠萝价格波动主要特征;运用Census X12季节调整模型和HP滤波分解模型将2011年8月~2015年9月的菠萝价格分离出趋势和循环序列,据此考察菠萝价格长期波动的趋势,并对短期波动的周期进行划分,以此剖析菠萝价格波动存在的内在规律。研究发现:菠萝的批发价格属于一种高峰型的波动并具有稳步上涨的长期趋势,但扩张能力正在逐渐下降;菠萝的批发价格很不稳定,变动的幅度很大,波动周期短,市场稳定性差、风险高容易受到其他因素的影响。     

DTAB修饰不同模式两性膨润土的热力学和表征

为了探究阳离子型修饰剂修饰不同模式两性膨润土的热力学和表面特征,采用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB,简写为DT)对不同十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12,简写为BS)修饰模式膨润土进行复配修饰,研究其吸附热力学和温度效应,并分析BS和BS+DT修饰土样总有机碳(TOC)含量和比表面积(S_(BET))、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)的特征。结果表明:DTAB吸附量、温度效应比(S_(40)/S_(20))的转折点均随膨润土表面BS疏水修饰的增强而减小。20~40℃范围内,CK(膨润土)对DTAB的吸附为增温正效应,不同模式BS膨润土对DTAB的吸附呈增温负效应。CK和不同模式BS膨润土对DTAB的吸附均属于自发反应。随BS疏水修饰的增强,反应自发性增强,且由吸热、熵增(CK)转为放热、熵减过程。随着BS和DT疏水修饰的增强,土样TOC含量、晶层间距(d_(001))均增大,而S_(BET)减小。TG、FTIR和SEM特征均证实了DTAB在BS膨润土表面的修饰。     

清热解毒化浊片对ETM兔肝组织CD14及TNF-α、IL-1表达的影响

目的 探讨清热解毒化浊片对内毒素血症（Endotoxemia,ETM）模型兔肝功能、肝组织CD14和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）的影响。方法 将21只新西兰大耳白兔随机分为正常组、模型组、清热解毒化浊片组（清化组）,每组7只。将模型组及清化组兔沿耳缘静脉注射大肠杆菌内毒素（LPS,10 μg/kg）,于造模后2 h干预,灌胃后2 h心脏采血检测家兔的肝功能、TNF-α和IL-α的变化,采肝脏组织检测CD14及观察肝脏病理形态。结果（1）与模型组比较,清化组ALT、AST上升（P<0.05）,肝组织CD14表达及血清TNF-α、IL-1下降（P<0.05）;（2）模型组肝细胞排列结构紊乱,有炎性细胞浸润,且出现空泡样改变,清化组及正常组改变不明显。结论 清热解毒化浊片能下调ETM模型兔CDl4、TNF-α和IL-1的表达,具有多靶点、多效应的干预作用,推测其有阻断早期LPS诱导信号通路的作用。     

马铃薯HD-Zip I家族ATHB12基因的克隆及功能鉴定

HD-Zip I是一类植物特异转录因子, 在植物应对外界逆境胁迫过程中有重要的调控作用。本研究从马铃薯栽培品种甘农薯2号中克隆了HD-Zip I转录因子ATHB12基因, 其开放阅读框为759 bp, 编码252个氨基酸残基。该基因位于马铃薯1号染色体, 其启动子区含有ABRE、LTRECOREATCOR15和WBOXATNPR1等多种响应非生物胁迫(ABA、低温、脱水及高盐)的顺式作用元件。ATHB12基因在马铃薯根、茎和叶中均有表达, 其根中表达量最高。qRT-PCR分析证实该基因的表达受聚乙二醇(PEG)、NaCl和ABA诱导, 受低温抑制。构建了由组成型表达启动子CaMV 35S驱动的ATHB12基因的过表达载体, 通过农杆菌介导法转化马铃薯获得了转基因植株。干旱处理后, 转基因植株叶片中丙二醛含量显著低于非转基因植株(P<0.05), 而脯氨酸含量显著高于非转基因植株(P<0.05); 转基因植株根鲜重和干重均高于非转基因植株; 说明马铃薯ATHB12基因可能参与了逆境胁迫的响应。