Recovery of sperms bearing X chromosomes with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles in ram

Pre-conceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa are isolated before oocyte fertilization. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been used to determine X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa as a result of searching for a cheap, highly efficient method using non-toxic materials. This study aimed to recover the sperm bearing X chromosomes in ram with different concentrations of MNP and then evaluate the success of this method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ram sperms were divided into four groups, treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml MNP, respectively. MNP was used to restore sperm cells bearing X chromosomes. Upon recovery, the PCR was performed to identify the X and Y sperms, Methyl ThiazoleTetrazolium (MTT), to assess MNP toxicity and sperm viability and acridine orange (AO) to evaluate sperm DNA integrity. The results of PCR revealed that the treatment of spermatozoa- bearing X chromosomes with 50 μg/ml MNP had the highest effects on the recovery of X sperm rather than the other concentrations of MNP. However, the concentrations of MNP did not have any toxic effects on spermatozoa, sperm viability and, DNA integrity, but the high concentration of MNP (200 μg/ml) significantly reduced DNA integrity. According to MTT and AO results, the concentrations of MNP used in this study had no toxic effects on spermatozoa and did not reduce the sperm viability and DNA integrity, except that 200 μg/ml MNP significantly reduced DNA integrity.     

Questionnaire on the process of recovering horses from general anesthesia and associated personnel injury in equine practice

ObjectiveTo collect data about the current practice of recovering horses from general anesthesia and recovery personnel safety.Study designOnline survey.MethodsAn online questionnaire, including questions on general demographic data, recovery drugs, modality and characteristics of equine recovery and morbidity and mortality, was designed and distributed via e-mail to equine practitioners worldwide.ResultsPractitioners from 22 countries completed 373 questionnaires; 53% of the participants were board-certified equine surgeons, and the remainder were board-certified anesthesiologists (18%), large animal residents (8%), general practitioners (7%), large animal interns (6%), anesthesia residents (4.5%) and veterinary technicians (1.6%). Respondents were employed by academia (58%) or private practice (42%). Of the respondents employed at a university, 93% had a board-certified anesthesiologist on staff compared with 7% of respondents employed at a private practice. Most of the respondents assist horses during recovery, with 23% assisting every recovery and 44% assisting recovery in the majority of cases. Reasons for choosing to assist horses during recovery were: orthopedic procedures (57%), neurological deficits (49%), bad health (47%), history of poor recovery (44%), foals (42%), draft breeds (30%), magnetic resonance imaging (17%) and computed tomography (16%). Unacceptable recoveries were reported by 77% of participants. Commonly reported complications during recovery with any method were: orthopedic injury (66%), myopathy (54%), skin abrasion (53%) and airway obstruction (37%). The incidences of unacceptable quality of recovery (p = 0.09) or personnel injury (p = 0.56) were not different between assisted and nonassisted recoveries; however, more equine fatalities were reported for assisted recoveries (p < 0.006). Practitioners in academia reported more unacceptable recoveries (p < 0.0007) and personnel injuries (p < 0.002) compared with those in private practice.ConclusionsThe method of recovery differs among hospitals. Recovery personnel injuries associated with assisting horses during recovery are an important and previously unreported finding.     

城市公交车制动能量回收方式综述

文章在分析城市公交车运行工况的基础上,说明了城市公交车能量回收系统的必要性。分析了三种制动能量回收方式的结构原理,对三种制动能量回收系统在城市公交车上的应用进行了分析比较。     

20份欧洲型黄瓜种质资源的半致死温度与耐热性研究

为探讨不同欧洲型黄瓜种质资源对高温的适应性差异,为耐热种质资源筛选及耐热机理的深入研究提供理论和实践依据,以20份欧洲型黄瓜的叶片为材料,设置6个高温处理,以室温为对照,测定浸提液电导率值并计算相对电导率,通过拟合Logistic方程,计算半致死温度(LT50)。试验结果表明,随着温度升高,相对电导率呈"S"型曲线,且相对电导率与处理温度存在显著的直线相关关系,通过计算"S"型曲线拐点求得20份欧洲型黄瓜的半致死温度在45~51℃,其中33-2的半致死温度最高,达到50.09℃,37-1的半致死温度最低,为45.82℃。20份欧洲型黄瓜的耐高温能力由强到弱依次为33-275-232-233-111-231-209-236-276-136-137-210-135-276-211-143-235-175-132-137-1。因此,半致死温度可作为评价欧洲型黄瓜耐热性的一个可靠指标。     

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.     

短期高温下6个品种甜樱桃幼苗耐热性比较

为对不同品种甜樱桃耐热性进行比较,以6个品种甜樱桃幼苗为试材,通过模拟高温,探究高温胁迫下其叶片生理、叶绿素荧光指标变化,结合相关性分析、主成分分析等对其耐热性综合评价,并通过逐步回归模型的建立筛选出甜樱桃耐热生理评价指标。结果表明,6个品种甜樱桃幼苗在高温胁迫后抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等生理指标变化有所不同,叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ 最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)3个参数值均显著下降,除4号甜樱桃品种NPQ值显著升高外,其余品种NPQ 值均呈下降趋势。6个品种甜樱桃幼苗的耐热综合性排名为 ‘红蜜’＞‘桑提娜’＞‘早大果’＞‘雷尼’＞‘拉宾斯’＞‘布鲁克斯’,基于多元回归模型建立筛选出过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸含量、Fv/Fo 4个指标可高效、准确地对甜樱桃耐热性进行评价。本研究为甜樱桃耐热性评价体系建立及耐热性品种选育提供参考,为今后南方地区甜樱桃耐高温品种（系）进一步育种工作奠定理论基础。     

翅片管加热器换热过程综合能量特性研究

在研究翅片管加热器传热性能及流阻性能的基础上，依据热力学理论，利用不可逆过程Ｙｏｎｇ分析，着重分析管速换热过程的能量特性，将换热过程的传热性能与流阻性能有机地结合提出便于工程实际应用的能量特性分析准则函数。依此探讨管束换热过程特征参数对综合能量利用性能的影响，指导翅片管加热器能量的高效利用，并与光管加热器进行了比较分析。     

春小麦耐热性的筛选方法与指标

利用５１份春小麦材料对３种耐热性方法进行了研究评价。供试材料在田间通过晚播计算各基因型的粒重感热指数（Ｓｅ）或于籽粒浆期用塑料简棚进行遮盖处理并计算千料重感热指数（Ｓｇ）评价其耐热性，而在室骨采用膜热稳定性测定方法，以相对热损伤率（ＲＩ％）大小评价基因型的耐热性。相关分析表明：Ｓｅ在年际间和年份内的相关系数均呈极显著高度正相关，从而具有较好的重演性，而ＲＩ％与Ｓｇ呈显著正相关说明基因型的热稳定性大