《医宗金鉴》对张氏正骨流派学术思想的影响

《医宗金鉴》是清代由政府组织编写的综合性医学丛书,其立论精辟,尤重实用,对后世影响甚大。湖南岳阳张氏正骨始于清末,在张氏正骨发展过程中,不断吸收并结合了《医宗金鉴》等医学著作和民间特色技术,在继承的基础上体现了创新,强调“筋骨并重,内外调和”、“去瘀生新,气血相和”,逐渐形成了以“和”为核心的张氏正骨学术思想。本文着重探讨《医宗金鉴》对湖南岳阳张氏正骨相关学术思想和实际应用的影响。认为张氏正骨流派在正骨手法、内外方药、针推技术等方面继承了《医宗金鉴》主要的学术理念,并不断发展创新骨伤技术方法、药物应用等。     

不同处理方式对金冠苹果贮藏品质的影响

针对金冠苹果不耐贮藏的问题,开展采前田间处理、采后不同药剂浸泡及不同包装方式对金冠苹果贮藏品质影响的研究。结果表明：使用多菌灵配合二苯胺进行采前田间处理可有效提高苹果的贮藏品质;采后使用0.067%多菌灵、0.l% MH（自配农药）、10% NaCl、0.2%二苯胺浸泡处理均可有效保持金冠苹果的贮藏品质,减少其在贮藏期间发生病害,保鲜效果较好;最佳包装方式为15 kg袋装后装箱,于0～2 ℃条件下贮藏,可保鲜6个月。     

Effects of preharvest nitric oxide treatment on ethylene biosynthesis and soluble sugars metabolism in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

In order to examine the influence of preharvest nitric oxide (NO) treatment on ethylene biosynthesis and soluble sugar metabolism in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, apple trees were sprayed with 50 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a donor of NO) 14 days before harvest. The results indicated that preharvest SNP treatment can increase the NO content and the NOS activity in apple fruit, therefore, delay the accumulation of ethylene due to its inhibition on the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxydase (ACO). Fructose is the main sugar in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. The synthesis of sucrose was stimulated and the decomposition of sucrose was inhibited by this treatment, thus causing the accumulation of sucrose. We can draw a conclusion that pre-harvest SNP (50 μM) treatment can increase the NO content of fruit during storage, while higher NO content can further regulate fruit ripening through its effect on ethylene and sugar metabolism in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit during storage at 18 °C.     

豹猫和金猫针毛红外光谱比较研究

[目的]研究比较豹猫和金猫针毛红外光谱。[方法]使用傅立叶红外光谱对豹猫和金猫两种野生动物毛发进行了检测和分析。[结果]在豹猫和金猫针毛的中部红外图谱及其二阶导数谱均具有明显的种间差异,如648 cm-1和654 cm-1波数处金猫出现明显 M 形双峰吸收峰,而豹猫没有;金猫的二阶导数谱在709-763 cm-1范围内以峰强较大的单峰为主,豹猫则以峰强较小的 M 形双峰为主,这均说明两种动物毛发的蛋白侧链的构成上则存在较大的差异。[结论]红外光谱分析方法可以应用于动物毛发的种间识别,在毛发的研究领域有较好的应用前景。     

川藏高海拔地区金冠苹果品质与气象因子的关系

【目的】研究川藏高海拔地区金冠苹果品质与气象因子的关系,为该区域金冠苹果的合理区划、优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2012-2013年随机取川藏高海拔地区四川茂县、小金、盐源、康定及西藏林芝5个重要产地的金冠苹果果实,测定其品质(单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度及花青苷、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、VC含量),同时收集5地2012和2013年金冠苹果果实发育主要时期各月(5-8月)及年主要气象资料(均温、平均昼夜温差、≥10℃积温、降雨量、日照时数),采用相关性分析及回归分析研究果实品质与气象因子的关系,确定优质金冠苹果生产需要的主要气象因子最适值。【结果】金冠苹果在5个产地品质差异显著,在小金表现较好;8月均温、5-8月及年均昼夜温差、年降雨量、6-8月及年日照时数是影响该地区金冠苹果品质的主要气象因子;8月均温19.1-21.3℃,5、6、7、8月及年均昼夜温差分别为10.6-12.3,11.0,9.7,11.7-13.3和12.8℃,7月≥10℃积温约636.5℃,6月及年降雨量分别为169.4和637.1-787.9mm,6、7、8月及年日照时数分别为154.3,174.6-200.8,153.5和2 405.6h是金冠苹果在川藏高海拔地区表现优良的适宜气象因子。【结论】确定了川藏高海拔地区金冠苹果优质生产的气象条件。     

Effect of Winter Feeding Rate,Feed Form and Trigger Temperature on Yield and Condition of Golden Shiners,Notemigonus crysoleucas

Abstract

Two trials evaluated winter feeding strategies for small golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas destined for the crappie, Po-moxis spp. market. Fish were stocked at 615 g/pool (approximately 127 or 158 fish/m², trials 1 and 2, respectively) in aerated, 5.9-m² pools for 100 and 104 days, respectively. In the first trial, fish were fed a commercially available 32% crude protein crumbled, extruded pellet once daily at feeding rates of 0% (fertilizer only), 1%, or 2% of body weight/day (bw/d) on days when the afternoon air temperature was >7°C. Unfed fish lost weight, and their condition declined. Fish fed at 1% maintained both weight and condition, while fish fed at 2% gained weight. Fish in the second trial were fed once daily at 1% bw/d on those days when the air temperature was either >7°C or >10°C, with either a commercially available crumbled, extruded pellet or a sinking pellet (compressed). Fish fed crumbles were in significantly better condition at harvest than fish fed a sinking pellet, regardless of trigger feeding temperature, although average weight was not significantly different. Feeding on days with air temperatures >7°C provided 13% more feeding days than a trigger temperature >10 °C, and fish grew more over the winter. Two condition indices, relative weight (W_r) and Fulton's condition factor (K), proved useful in evaluating the condition of golden shiners cultured using different feeding strategies.     

Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Pepsin Soluble Collagens from Golden Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) Skin and Bone

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was extracted and purified from wasted skin and bone of the golden pompano by acetic acid-pepsin method. The result showed that the PSCs extraction yields of skin and bone were 21.81% and 1.25% (wet weight), 62.21% and 1.78% (on the basis of lyophilized dry weight), respectively. Golden pompano skin and bone PSCs contained the typical chain of α and β dimers, and they were preliminarily judged to belong to type I collagen. The skin PSC had similar amino acid composition to bone PSC, which is rich in glycine, alanine, proline, and hydroxyproline. After addressing the pepsin, three helical structure of PSCs were intact, and their natural structures largely remained. The denaturation temperatures of skin and bone PSCs were 37.04°C and 38.23°C, respectively. Solubility results showed that the skin and bone PSCs solubility was the largest at pH = 3. The solubility of skin and bone PSCs was stable at NaCl concentrations lower than 3%. In addition, two PSCs in acid and low salt conditions had good solubility. This study demonstrated that golden pompano skin and bone could be used as good materials to extract PSC, representing an economic benefit and added value.

Abbreviations: SDS-PAGE: Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared; DSC: Differential scanning calorimetry; XRD: X-ray diffraction     

福寿螺发生为害习性观察及防治技术研究

通过对福寿螺发生为害的调查和生活习性的观察,初步掌握其为害情况、发生世代、繁殖速度和生态习性,并提出了螺害的防治策略和措施,为控制螺害的扩散蔓延提供科学依据。     

《旅游法》实施背景下黄金周景区经营管理对策研究

分析《旅游法》的颁布和实施对旅游景区的经营和管理存在的影响及对整治黄金周期间景区存在制度约束,为黄金周景区的经营管理提供了4项建议:计算科学合理的景区旅游容量、探讨有效的分流客源的方法、加强对游客安全工作的预警机制、探寻摆脱"门票经济"的依赖途径,以期使景区的经营管理日趋完善,促进黄金周旅游市场和谐有序发展。     

金大米的知识产权问题分析及启示

世界知名的转基因作物、富含类胡萝卜素的金大米是由公共研究机构以人道主义为目的研发的,金大米的研发过程经历曲折,它在得到众多荣耀的同时,也引来诸多争议,知识产权问题就是其中一个重要方面。本文在介绍金大米技术探索之路的基础上,通过分析金大米的知识产权问题,揭示表面上看来非常严重的知识产权障碍其实却并非不可逾越,尤其在发展中国家,例如在中国现在就可能没有与金大米相关的任何专利存在。本文还探讨了在生物技术领域内逐渐兴起的反公共地悲剧问题。最后结合实际,总结了金大米的知识产权问题带给中国科技工作者的启示,包括应认真对待在科研工作中可能出现的知识产权障碍和应认清中国现在仍基本处于公共地悲剧阶段而非反公共地悲剧阶段等。