35技术在城市森林研究中的应用

总结国内外3s技术在城市森林研究领域应用现状，分析其不足，即遥感学家与植物生态学家缺乏沟通、被动遥感优势尚未挖掘、生态系统服务制图滞后、生态系统管理中忽视信息系统建设，以及景观规划的精确性与客观性有待提高等，在此基础上提出相应改进建议，以期为我国城市森林的3S技术应用和城市森林建设工作提供借鉴。     

OsGA20ox2不同长度RNAi片段对水稻株高等农艺性状的遗传效应

利用OsGA20ox2基因序列构建不同长度的RNAi片段并导入水稻，获得不同高度的矮化植株。将这些矮化植株与野生型植株回交获得B₁F₂群体，卡方检测表明B₁F₂群体矮秆植株数和高秆植株数符合3∶1比例，表现为矮秆显性的遗传规律。对矮化植株的F₅和B₁F₂群体株高、各茎节间长度和一些主要农艺性状方差分析显示, OsGA20ox2基因的RNAi能显著缩短株高和各节间长度(P<0.05)，RNAi干扰片段越长，使植株株高和节间长度缩短程度越大，可使株高降低24~42 cm，矮化22%~39%。在同一长度的RNAi干扰片段下，倒一节节间长度平均缩短与倒二节节间长度平均缩短非常相近，倒三节和倒四节节间长度平均缩短非常相近，总的缩短程度是倒四节>倒三节>倒二节>倒一节。这种近基部节间长度缩短幅度和比例较大的特点，利于提高水稻的抗倒伏能力，同时上部节间缩短幅度和比例较小，有效地保持合理株高，不使生物产量明显降低，有利于水稻的稳产和高产。OsGA20ox2基因的RNAi不影响如千粒重、结实率、穗长等其他主要农艺性状或影响很小。     

黑色/长梨形樱桃番茄种质的研究利用

以樱桃番茄黑褐色圆形自交系Z1、红黑色长梨形自交系Z2、红色圆形、浅粉红色扁圆形、
橙黄色长椭圆形和黄色圆形等自交系为试材，进行不完全双列杂交配制组合。通过对杂交组合后代的农艺
性状、品质特性和抗病性等的调查研究，探究黑色樱桃番茄种质品质改良和长梨形果形的利用，为今后特
殊果形果色番茄种质的创新利用提供参考。结果表明：樱桃番茄果色黑色性状为隐性性状；亲本为圆形果
或扁圆形果×长梨形果、长椭圆形果×长梨形果时，F₁ 果形分别是椭圆形与长指形。     

大豆油分含量SSR标记及QTL定位

大豆油分含量是数量遗传性状。为了选育高油品种,有效利用高油基因和转基因研究,并使其广泛应用于育种和生产实践,通过构建群体,利用分子标记手段对油分基因在基因图谱上的位置进行了标记,结果表明,标记Satt491和油分含量相关,定位于E连锁群上。     

Allozyme Variation of Picea abies in Poland

The aim of this study was to determine the levels and patterns of allozyme variation among 29 populations of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from Poland. Thirteen investigated isoenzyme systems were encoded by 27 gene loci and, on average, 71% of the loci per population were polymorphic. The average and effective numbers of alleles per locus were 2.17 and 1.26, respectively, while the expected heterozygosity was 0.156. A relatively low allozyme differentiation among populations from north-eastern and southern Poland was observed ( F ST = 0.028, mean genetic distance D = 0.005). The results suggest that historical events and extensive gene flow played an important role in the distribution of the observed allozyme differentiation of Norway spruce in Poland.     

Multivariate analysis and genetic diversity for morphometric and root textural quality traits in ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant and its dried roots are used in traditional systems of medicine. The market price of roots is determined by physical (textural) quality. Brittle roots with high starch and low fiber are considered to be superior because of ease in grinding. Genetic diversity studies based on root textural parameters have not been done so far. So the present study was designed to assess genetic diversity for morphometric traits and root textural quality parameters among two morphologically distinct groups: Poshita and Nagore. The PCA separated the morphometric and root texture variables distinctly into two different principal components: PC-1 and PC-2 respectively, indicating that both are negatively associated. All the morphotypes in Poshita group showed high positive loadings in PC-1 indicating that component genotypes are high root yielding. Nagore morphotypes were low yielding but the root texture was good. Clustering of morphotypes grouped Poshita and Nagore separately with high inter-cluster distances indicating that both groups are highly divergent from each other, suggesting that there is sufficient scope for varietal improvement through hybridization.     

Research advances in genetics and breeding ofpopulus davidiana dode in China

In this paper a general introduction is given to research advances in genetics improvement and breeding of Chinese aspen (Populus davidiana Dode) in China. This introduction includes natural distribution and collection, conservation, gene diversity, provenance trial, crossing breeding, vegetative propagation and disease resistant etc. Based on the current situation of forest tree breeding in China, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of Chinese aspen genetics improvement in China are presented, taking into consideration the existing domestic demands of forestry production and international trends in forest tree breeding. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

一种改进的树冠截留降雨试验方法

设计了一种基于计算承雨器四周各1m范围内树冠郁闭度，进而通过一次降雨试验可观测到不同郁闭度级林冠截留降雨量的方法，解决了以往林冠截留降雨量测试中林冠疏密和树冠间隙分布不均引起的测量结果误差较大的难题。     

陆地棉对黄萎病抗性的分子标记研究

 利用陆地棉标准系TM-1和常抗棉2个陆地棉品种杂交并自交,获得109个F₂单株及F_2:3家系为作图群体,以SSR、RAPD和SRAP 3种分子标记进行抗黄萎病性状的分子标记筛选。结果从1611对(条)引物中仅筛选到70对(条)多态性引物,获得75个多态性位点并进行标记间的连锁性分析。75个标记构建了一个包括15个连锁群,全长535 cM的陆地棉品种间分子标记遗传连锁图,标记间平均距离为11.15 cM,有27个标记不能进入任何连锁群。连锁群的标记数最少2个,最多6个;长度从1.0 cM到92.7 cM不等。对其F_2:3家系的成株期抗黄萎病性状即平均病情指数的分布进行分析,显示其呈正态分布,进一步说明陆地棉对黄萎病的抗性为数量遗传;单标记分析及复合区间作图,检测出与抗黄萎病性相关的3个QTL,分别位于第3、5、6连锁群上,贡献率分别为14.15%、3.45%和18.78%。另外,对该群体生长过程中黄萎病不同发病高峰期的病情也进行了分析。