甘氨酸对脂多糖刺激仔猪肝脏能量代谢及相关基因表达的调控作用

本试验旨在研究甘氨酸(Gly)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪肝脏能量代谢、能量代谢关键酶和相关调节因子mRNA表达的调控作用。选取24头杜×长×大仔猪,分成4个组,每组6个重复。4个组分别为:1)对照组(基础饲粮);2)LPS组(LPS+基础饲粮);3)1.0%Gly组(LPS+基础饲粮+1.0%Gly);4)2.0%Gly组(LPS+基础饲粮+2.0%Gly)。试验第28天,试验组仔猪腹膜注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。试验猪于注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后屠宰,取肝脏样品待测。结果表明:1)与LPS组相比,1.0%Gly显著提高了仔猪肝脏三磷酸腺苷(ATP)浓度和能荷(EC)水平(P0.05),显著降低了一磷酸腺苷(AMP)/ATP值(P0.05),并有降低AMP浓度的趋势(P0.10);2.0%Gly有降低AMP/ATP值的趋势(P0.10)。2)与LPS组相比,1.0%Gly显著降低了仔猪肝脏己糖激酶2(Hexok2)和柠檬酸合成酶(CS)的mRNA表达量(P0.05);2.0%Gly显著降低了肝脏Hexok2和丙酮酸激酶(PK)的mRNA表达量(P0.05),并有降低肝脏CS mRNA表达量的趋势(P0.10)。3)与LPS组相比,1.0%Gly显著提高了仔猪肝脏腺甘酸活化蛋白激酶α1(AMPKα1)的mRNA表达量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加Gly能够改善LPS刺激引起的断奶仔猪肝脏能量代谢紊乱,调控糖酵解和三羧酸循环等代谢途径中相关酶的表达。     

饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。选取(130±10)日龄体重相近的健康雌性水貂90只,随机分为9组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因子试验设计,设3个磷水平分别为1.0%、1.4%、1.8%,3个钙磷比分别为1.0、1.5、2.0,配制9种试验饲粮,9种试验饲粮的钙、磷水平实测值如下:1.03%钙、0.97%磷(Ⅰ组),1.47%钙、0.98%磷(Ⅱ组),1.98%钙、0.99%磷(Ⅲ组),1.45%钙、1.37%磷(Ⅳ组),2.08%钙、1.38%磷(Ⅴ组),2.79%钙、1.38%磷(Ⅵ组),1.81%钙、1.75%磷(Ⅶ组),2.70%钙、1.79%磷(Ⅷ组),3.59%钙、1.80%磷(Ⅸ组)。预试期10 d,正试期67 d。结果表明:1)饲粮磷水平和钙磷比以及二者的交互作用极显著影响冬毛期水貂的末重、平均日增重(P0.01)。Ⅴ组的末重、平均日增重极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。2)干物质、蛋白质、脂肪消化率有随着饲粮钙磷比和磷水平的升高先增加后降低的趋势,且均在Ⅲ组达到最大值。3)饲粮磷水平和钙磷比以及二者的交互作用对冬毛期水貂食入氮、尿氮、粪氮、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值的影响不显著(P0.05)。4)随着饲粮磷水平的升高,粪钙含量随之增加,组间差异极显著(P0.01);Ⅷ、Ⅸ组粪钙含量显著或极显著高于除Ⅶ组外的其他各组(P0.05或P0.01)。随着饲粮磷水平的升高,粪磷含量随之增加,组间差异显著或极显著(P0.05或P0.01);饲粮钙磷比为2.0时粪磷含量最低,极显著低于饲粮钙磷比为1.0和1.5时(P0.01);Ⅷ、Ⅸ组粪磷含量显著或极显著高于除Ⅶ组外的其他各组(P0.05或P0.01)。饲粮磷水平和钙磷比极显著影响钙消化率(P0.01)。随着饲粮钙磷比的升高,钙消化率极显著升高(P0.01)。Ⅲ组钙消化率最高,极显著高于除Ⅵ和Ⅸ组外的其他各组(P0.01)。饲粮磷水平和钙磷比对磷消化率的影响不显著(P0.05),但二者的交互作用对磷消化率有显著影响(P0.05)。磷消化率以Ⅰ组最低,Ⅲ组最高。综合各项指标,从降低饲粮成本、保护环境和维持冬毛期水貂生长性能的角度出发,饲粮磷水平在1.4%、钙磷比在1.5~2.0时较为适宜。     

Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus enhances intestinal integrity through inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged mice

To investigate the role of polysaccharide from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASPS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal injury, mice in three treatments were administrated orally with or without ASPS (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, followed by challenge with LPS or saline. At 4 h post‐injection, blood and intestinal samples of six mice / treatment were collected. The results showed ASPS ameliorated LPS‐induced intestinal morphological deterioration, proven by improved villus height (P < 0.05) and villus height : crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). ASPS also elevated the mucosal barrier of LPS‐challenged mice, supported by reduced plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P < 0.05) and L‐lactate (P < 0.05), increased mucosal DAO activity (P < 0.05) as well as enhanced intestinal tight junction proteins expression involving occludin‐1 (P < 0.05) and zonula occludens‐1 (P < 0.05). In addition, ASPS decreased LPS‐induced secretion of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α (P < 0.05) and prostaglandin E₂ (P < 0.05). Also, ASPS down‐regulated messenger RNA expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (P < 0.05), TNF‐α receptor‐associated factor 6 (P < 0.05), as well as nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 (P < 0.05) and its protein expression. These findings suggest that ASPS improves intestinal integrity under inflammation conditions connected with inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathways.     

Reaction phenotyping of vinblastine metabolism in dogs

Vinblastine is a vinca alkaloid used either as a single agent or in combination therapy for the treatment of canine mast cell tumours and lymphomas. The objective of this study was to determine which isoform of cytochrome P450 enzyme is responsible for the majority of vinblastine metabolism in dogs. A panel of eight recombinant canine cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A12, CYP3A26, CYP2B11, CYP2C41, CYP2C21 and CYP2D15) were incubated in vitro with vinblastine. Findings were confirmed by the use of canine polyclonal antibodies of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP3A12, CYP2B11 and CYP2C21) that were pre‐incubated with individual and pooled hepatic microsomes that were purified from canine liver. Substrate depletion was observed in the presence of recombinant CYP3A12, whereas depletion did not substantially occur when microsomes were pre‐incubated with polyclonal antibodies against CYP3A12. These findings confirmed that CYP3A12 is the major cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for the metabolism of vinblastine in dogs.     

Effect of puerarin on cholesterol influx and efflux in RAW264.7-treated foam cells

AIM: To study the protective effect of puerarin on the atherosclerosis of RAW264.7-derived foam cells. METHODS: The model of foam cells was established by incubating the RAW264.7 cells with ox-LDL. The cholesterol uptake was evaluated by a DiI-ox-LDL binding assay. The ability of cholesterol efflux of the RAW264.7-derived foam cells was detected by cholesterol efflux assay. The protein levels of LC3Ⅱ, P62, CD36, ABCA1, LAL and p-AMPK were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Puerarin treatment reduced the cholesterol uptake capacity and enhanced the cholesterol efflux rate. The protein levels of LC3Ⅱ, ABCA1 and LAL in puerarin group were higher than that in ox-LDL group, while the protein levels of P62 and CD36 were obviously decreased, and those in rapamycin treatment group had the same change as puerarin group. The protein levels of LC3Ⅱ, ABCA1 and LAL were obviously decreased and the protein level of p-AMPK was increased after co-treated with 3-MA. CONCLUSION: Puerarin promotes LAL and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in ox-LDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, which might enhance autophagy through AMPK-dependent pathway for cholesterol efflux regulation, and reduce the uptake of lipids by CD36 negative regulation.     

Effects of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase on collagen expression and proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts

AIM: To investigate the effect of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) on collagen expression and proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts and to explore the relationship between SCAD and cardiac fibrosis. METHODS: The model of proliferation and collagen expression of rat cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II was established. After treatment with siRNA-1186, the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels, fatty acids beta oxidation rate, ATP, the enzyme activity of SCAD and free fatty acids in the rat cardiac fibroblasts were determined. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression of SCAD was decreased in the rat cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II compared with the control cells, and the expression of collagen I and collagen III was significantly upregulated. Compared with negative control group, SCAD expression and activity, fatty acid beta-oxidation rate and ATP significantly decreased in siRNA-1186 group, but the content of free fatty acids were obviously increased in the rat cardiac fibroblasts, and the expression of collagen I and collagen III was significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSION: The expression and synthesis disorder of collagen may be triggered by down-regulation of SCAD. SCAD may be a promising therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis.     

Research Progress on Cellulose Degradation by Yak Rumen Microorganism

Yak mainly lived in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in Qinghai province of China and lived on grasses.Many studies had shown that yak's ability to digest cellulose was far higher than Yellow cattle and dairy cows.Because there were significant differences in the rumen microorganisms among these three kinds of animals.There was a large microbial population in the yak rumen that could degrade cellulose.In this paper,the characteristics of microorganism,influence factor and the mechanism of cellulose degradation in yak were summarized.In addition,the brief introduction of the yak rumen microbial's possible applications had carried on in order to provide theoretical basis and strengthen the use of cellulose degradation bacteria in the areas such as modernization of traditional Chinese medicine fermentation and so on.     

Modelling short-term effects of sulphur dioxide. 3. Effects of SO2 on photosynthesis of leaf canopies

The effect of short-term exposure of SO₂ on the photosynthesis of a Faba bean crop was analysed with mobile equipment in the field. Canopy photosynthesis was only affected at high radiation levels and reduced by 4–6% during fumigation with 800 g SO₂ m^–3.The experimental data were used to evaluate the performance of a model for the effects of SO₂ on leaf canopy photosynthesis. The model contained a calculation procedure for canopy photosynthesis, extended with a submodel for SO₂ uptake by leaves and effects of SO₂ on leaf physiology. Diurnal photosynthesis and the effect of SO₂ on canopy photosynthesis were approximated very closely with the model. Possibilities for the application of this approach in crop growth models (operating at a time step of integration of 1 day) are presented and evaluated.Samenvatting Het effect van SO₂ op de fotosynthese van een tuinbonengewas is gemeten met mobiele apparatuur. Gewasfotosynthese werd alleen beïnvloed (4–6% reductie) bij hoge stralingsnivo's tijdens begassing met 800 g SO₂ m^–3.De experimentele gegevens zijn gebruikt om een model voor de effecten van SO₂ op de gewasfotosynthese te evalueren. Het model bestaat uit een rekenprocedure voor de fotosynthese van gewassen dat is uitgebreid met een submodel voor de opname en effecten van SO₂ op de fotosynthese van bladeren. De dagelijkss gang van de fotosynthese en de effecten van SO₂ op de fotosynthese werden nauwkeurig gesimuleerd met het model. Mogelijkheden voor de toepassing van het model in gewasgroeimodellen, die met een tijdstap van één dag werken, wordt gepresenteerd en geëvalueerd.     

鸭LXRα基因过表达对原代肝细胞及PC3细胞脂质代谢的效应研究

旨在探究鸭LXRα基因对脂肪代谢的表达调控机制,本试验以pEGFP-N3为载体,构建携带HIS标签的LXRα基因真核过表达载体,并将过表达载体分别转染鸭原代肝细胞及PC3细胞,使用鸭HIS标签试剂盒测定LXRα基因在肝细胞及PC3细胞中的过表达量,分析该基因分别在两种细胞中过表达与各脂质指标含量的相关性,进而探究其对鸭肝细胞及PC3细胞脂质代谢的调控作用。试验结果显示,LXRα基因在两种细胞中过表达与三酰甘油含量(triglyceride,TG)及高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)含量均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量及低密度脂蛋白含量(low density lipoprotein,LDL)则均呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。本研究揭示了LXRα基因过表达对TG和HDL的合成代谢有重要的正向调控作用,对TC和LDL具有反向调控作用,且在这两种类型的细胞中调控机制相似。这一研究结果将对今后深入研究LXRα基因在脂质代谢网络通路中的作用及解决鸭体脂肪过度沉积等问题奠定理论基础。