新疆春小麦品种资源抗倒性评价

为了给新疆小麦抗倒育种提供参考依据,采用田间试验与实验室分析相结合的方法,比较了两种种植密度(100×104和600×104株·hm-2)下40份新疆自育春小麦品种资源的抗倒性,分析了抗倒性与其影响因素的关系。结果表明,与低密度(100×104株·hm-2)相比,高密度(基本苗为600×104株·hm-2)条件下小麦抗倒伏能力、第二节间机械强度、壁厚、茎粗、充实度及地上部鲜重极显著降低,第二节间长度及重心高度极显著增加,茎秆机械强度的降低是小麦抗倒伏能力下降的关键因素。低密度下抗倒性与第二节间长、株高、重心高及第二节间壁厚的关系密切。其中,第二节间长度与小麦抗倒性关系最密切,第二节间越短,抗倒伏能力越强。高密度下第二节间机械强度与抗倒性的关系最密切,茎秆强度越高,抗倒性越强。壁厚可作为评价茎秆机械强度的可靠指标。依据倒伏指数的大小,将40份品种分为高抗型、普抗型、中间型、风险型和易倒型5个级别。供试材料中,80.0%的品种抗倒性较好,其中新春22号为高抗型品种,是较为理想的抗倒伏育种亲本。     

Microstructural characterisation of commercial kiwifruit cultivars using X-ray micro computed tomography

The skin is the physical barrier between the fruit and the environment in which it develops. Environmental conditions during fruit development have a large influence on fruit quality, both at the time of harvest and during subsequent storage. It is hypothesised that some features of the skin and sub-epidermal tissues could provide information about the past growing conditions to which the fruit was exposed and therefore be of predictive value for storage quality. In this study, five commercial kiwifruit cultivars (‘Hayward’, ‘Hort16A’, ‘G3’, ‘G9’ and ‘G14’) were studied, and ‘Hayward’ fruit were manipulated during growth with different cultural practices. After harvest at horticultural maturity, X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) was used to investigate features of the skin and the immediate parenchyma tissue. Despite orchard management practices (crop load and girdling) being observed to effect macro fruit quality parameters (mass, firmness, SSC, and DM), differences in microstructure (e.g. porosity) caused by these practices were not observed. However, porosity and pore size were found to be highly variable between cultivars. The thickness of dense sub-epidermal tissue could be readily measured and the 3-D distribution of raphide bundles was visible as high density particles distributed within the parenchyma. Overall, μCT was found to be a powerful technique to explore fruit epidermal and sub-epidermal structures in three dimensions at a micro level. However, the length of time required for data capture and analysis and the large number of samples required to overcome natural variation within horticultural products need to be considered. Future work may define the impact of differences in porosity or sub-epidermal anatomy on kiwifruit physiology (e.g. firmness change or sensitivity to low oxygen storage atmospheres). With this information, μCT could be used as a screening tool during plant breeding, or to determine the response to agronomic treatments, without conducting lengthy storage trials.