日粮蛋白质对7～12周龄略阳乌鸡生长发育的影响

通过分析日粮蛋白质对7～12周龄略阳乌鸡生长性能、主要组织器官发育和血清生化指标的影响,初步确定此阶段略阳乌鸡蛋白质的需要量。选取600只43日龄略阳乌鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡(公母各半),5个组分别饲喂蛋白质质量分数为12.39%、14.20%、16.60%、18.06%和20.15%的日粮。结果表明,日粮蛋白质质量分数对略阳乌鸡的平均日增量、料质量比、胰腺、胸腺和法氏囊质量、胸肉占体质量的比例及血清中白蛋白质量浓度均有显著影响,对平均日采食量、部分内脏器官指数和血清生化指标无显著影响,饲喂日粮蛋白质质量分数为18.06%和16.60%处理组的略阳乌鸡平均日增质量、料质量比、胸肉占体质量的比例及血清中白蛋白质量浓度显著高于12.39%、14.20%和20.15%处理组。随着日粮蛋白质质量分数的增加,平均日增量及料质量比都呈现二次曲线变化趋势。回归分析表明,以平均日增量及料质量比为评价指标,7～12周龄略阳乌鸡日粮蛋白质需要量分别为17.52%和17.18%。     

妊娠期背膘变化对繁殖性能的影响

母猪的繁殖性能是猪场主要生产指标,而母猪的背膘厚与繁殖性能存在较强的相关性。为研究母猪妊娠期不同阶段调控背膘厚对母猪的繁殖性能的影响,以温氏种猪公司新法系经产大白母猪为研究对象,测定妊娠期各阶段母猪背膘厚及繁殖性能。结果表明：妊娠前期和中期背膘厚调控范围为-2~3 mm母猪繁殖性能最佳;妊娠后期背膘厚调控范围为-2~0 mm母猪繁殖性能最佳。妊娠期母猪背膘厚保持在合适的范围,可以提高其繁殖性能,增加猪场效益。     

全含油膨化对油菜籽预榨饼残油的研究

针对油菜籽传统加工工艺存在的不足,提出了油菜籽全含油膨化预榨制油新技术,并研究了膨化操作参数对预榨饼残油的影响规律。在单因素试验的基础上,以油菜籽为原料,通过正交实验,研究了原料水分含量、膨化温度、模孔直径,以及喂料速度对预榨饼残油含量的影响,并得到最优工艺组合。结果表明,原料水分含量和喂料速度对预榨饼残油含量影响显著;在原料水分含量8%,喂料量33t/h,膨化温度95℃,模孔直径8mm的条件下,预榨饼的残油最低。此参数下的验证试验也与以上结论一致。与传统工艺相比,该技术显著降低了预榨饼残油(由18%以上降到15%以下),同时毛油质量得到改善,含磷量显著下降(由800×10-6降到150×10-6以下),有利于浸出过程的进行。     

Effects of probiotic Bacillus cereus toyoi on abdominal fat accumulation in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Effects of a commercial probiotic, Bacillus cereus toyoi on abdominal fat accumulation in the Japanese quail fed either a commercial control diet (crude protein (CP), 23.5%; metabolizable energy (ME), 11.7MJ/kg) or a high‐energy diet (CP, 23.0%; ME, 13.8MJ/kg) were investigated. Four‐week‐old male birds (n = 108) were divided into four diet groups: control diet, control with probiotic, high‐energy diet and high‐energy diet with probiotic. At 8 weeks and 12 weeks of age (4 and 8 weeks of probiotic supplementation period, respectively), abdominal fat, muscles and the liver were weighed. The weight of total fat and protein in the muscles and liver were also determined. A rectal temperature was recorded weekly. Bodyweight and feed intake in both diets were not affected by probiotic supplementation. At 8 weeks of age, birds fed the control diet with probiotic had significantly less abdominal fat than those fed without the probiotic, and a similar tendency was seen for both diet groups at 12 weeks of age. The decrease in abdominal fat coincided with an increase in rectal temperature. These results suggest that greater metabolizable energy was consumed through elevation of heat production by supplementation of B. cereus toyoi, with hardly any energy stored as body fat. Probiotic supplementation appears to induce greater muscle weight, higher protein and lower lipid content in muscles by 8 weeks of age, and lower lipid content in muscles and greater liver weight by 12 weeks of age, in the Japanese quail.     

Reduced intake of dietary lysine promotes accumulation of intramuscular fat in the Longissimus dorsi muscles of finishing gilts

The present study was conducted to elucidate the effect of dietary lysine levels on the intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the Longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) muscles of finishing gilts. Eleven gilts in total from two litters of pigs aged 110 days were used. The average initial bodyweight of the pigs was 61.7 kg. Six pigs were assigned to the low lysine (LL) diet group (lysine content: 0.43 or 0.40%) and five pigs were assigned to the control group (lysine content: 0.65 or 0.68%). The diets were iso‐energetic and iso‐protein, and contained all essential amino acids (apart from lysine) in the recommended amounts. The pigs were fed these diets until their live weights reached 110 kg. Live weight gain and feed efficiency tended to be lower in the LL group (P = 0.118 and P = 0.052, respectively). Pigs from the LL group took 5 days longer to reach 110 kg (P < 0.01). The IMF content in the L. dorsi of the LL group was twice as high as that of the control group (6.7 vs 3.5%; P < 0.01). The percentage of oleic acid in the L. dorsi of the LL group tended to be higher than that of the control group (P = 0.052), whereas the percentage of linoleic acid and the total percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the L. dorsi were lower (P < 0.05) in the LL group. Free L‐carnitine content in the L. dorsi was lower (P < 0.05) in the LL group. The average abundance of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma mRNA in the L. dorsi of the LL group was threefold higher than that of the control group. The leptin mRNA abundance in the L. dorsi of the LL group was 3.3‐fold higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that a higher activity of adipogenesis may have been involved in the promoted accumulation of IMF in the L. dorsi muscles of pigs, induced by a dietary LL level.     

Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers

The effects of purified cellulase and a commercial feed enzyme (FE) containing cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and so on, on the performance, abdominal fat content, digestibility of ileal contents and metabolizable energy of broilers were examined. Male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were divided into three groups: control, cellulase (1 U/g feed) and FE (0.6 mg/g feed) with seven replicates. Chicks were raised under a temperature condition of 25°C in wire bottom cages for 12 days from 15 days of age. Feed (corn–soybean meal diet: crude protein, 21%; metabolizable energy, 3000 kcal/kg) and water were offered ad libitum. Dietary cellulase had a negative effect on the bodyweight gain and feed conversion ratio. The FE had no effect on bodyweight gain, but tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. The ileal crude protein and ash digestibilities were improved by the FE, but not by the cellulase. Furthermore, cellulase decreased the abdominal fat content and the FE increased metabolizable energy. In conclusion, digestion is enhanced and an improvement in performance is brought about by FE and, interestingly, fat metabolism is affected by cellulase by an unknown mechanism.     

磷脂对奶牛产奶性能及乳成分的影响

本实验选用14头年龄、胎次、产奶量、乳成分基本一致的奶牛,分为对照组和试验组。试验组奶牛日粮用未经包被处理的大豆磷脂替代玉米(占日粮2%),预饲10天后,测定此后48天内每天每头的产奶量,并定期检测乳脂率,乳蛋白。结果发现:试验组比对照组产奶量增加0.9kg/天.头,乳脂率及乳蛋白上下变化不大,统计检验差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

饲粮钙磷水平对五龙鹅血液及胫骨钙磷含量的影响

试验选用1日龄健康五龙鹅雏,研究了饲粮中不同钙磷水平对0～4周龄五龙鹅血液及胫骨钙磷含量的影响。试验采用4×2二因子设计,饲粮中钙水平设计为0.65%,0.75%,0.85%和0.95%,非植酸磷水平为0.3%和0.4%。结果表明,当饲粮钙、非植酸磷水平分别为0.65%和0.4%时,血钙血磷较高,胫骨中粗灰分及钙磷沉积较多,矿质化程度较高。钙磷互作对血液及胫骨钙磷含量影响显著(P<0.05)。     

草地放牧的牛羊需要吃饱也需要吃好

草地放牧的牛羊需要吃饱,也需要吃好,以快速增重,达到缩短出栏期、增加牲畜生产、减少对草原资源的消耗、保护草原的目的。在放牧的基础上,自由放牧羊的日粮中增加20％-25％豆科牧草,使日粮粗蛋白含量全年平均维持在11％-12％的水平,当年生羔羊体重可以增加57％-71％,达到55-60 kg水平,对于家畜生产和草地管理具有重要的推广价值。     

吡啶羧酸铬对高密度应激下肉仔鸡血清脂类的影响

在144只试验肉仔鸡日粮中添加5种水平的吡啶羧酸铬,另设一组对照组,研究吡啶羧酸铬对高密度应激下肉仔鸡血清脂类的影响。结果表明:高密度应激显著提高了血清中总脂、游离脂肪酸和胆固醇含量(P<0.05),而吡啶羧酸铬能有效地提高肉仔鸡的抗应激能力。与对照组相比,添加0.5～1mg/kg吡啶羧酸铬明显缓解由于应激而造成的血清脂类显著变化,其血总脂、游离脂肪酸和胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。