蚕茧价格变化规律及管理对策

对1992年以来我国蚕茧价格和蚕茧供求变化进行分析,研究蚕茧价格的波动规律以及蚕茧均衡价格产生的条件,提出蚕茧价格管理的构想与建议。     

家蚕品种茧层生产效率的调查及相关分析

251个家蚕品种的茧层生产效率平均为10．11％，最高12．19％，最低6．71％。二化性品种较高，一化性和多化性较低。中系二化种最高，平均10．54％，日二化种次之，平均10．39％，欧一化平均9.08％，日一化8．90％，多化平均8．72％。茧层生产效率与茧层量、茧层率、5龄一日茧层量成正相关，达显著或极显著水平；与5龄经过、全龄经过有正相关倾向，但不显著；与虫蛹率、死笼率、全茧量、消化率无一致倾向的相关。还调查了消化率和茧层转换率。     

蚕茧干燥温度对茧丝品质影响的探讨

通过６种类型的蚕茧干燥温度对蛹体适干率、茧丝品质等的影响的综合调查，认为二冲突温干燥的蛹体适干率、茧丝品质优于恒温干燥，而以头冲温度适中（１１０℃），二冲变温（１００℃→９０℃）时的蛹体适干率和茧丝品质略优于其他类型。     

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov     

家蚕二元种和四元种五龄中、后期青蚕绝食上簇对茧质的影响

本研究表明，无论二元种还是四元种，五龄食桑９６小时的青蚕，就可结小型茧。随食桑时间延长，其全茧量和茧层量迅速增加，茧层率呈直线上升。四元种个体间茧质开差大于二元种。食桑６足天（１４４小时）到７足天（１６８小时），二元种的茧层率增长减缓，而四元种仍不减慢。到食桑７足天后的四元种个体间茧质开差缩小到同二元种几乎相仿。因此，五龄后期良桑饱食是提高四元种茧质整齐度的重要途径。     

门源草原毛虫茧的空间分布型

通过采用聚集度指标检验的方法，对门源草原毛虫茧在矮嵩草草甸中的空间格局进行研究。结果表明，该虫雄茧（内有雄蛹）和雌茧（内有雌蛹或雌成虫或卵）的空间分布型属于聚集分布。并测定了茧个体群大小，分析了聚集原因，为野外抽样调查，密度估计及预测预报提供了依据。     

He-Ne激光辐照野桑蚕子代变异体继代遗传的研究

He-Ne激光辐照野桑蚕蛹的子代，获得长茧丝（SC）和斑纹变异（BW）个体，经继代饲养，对其发育、形态性状、茧质和丝质进行调查、统计和F测验，SC区的丝长和纤度与对照区差异达到显著和极显著程度，而BW区表现为变异谱扩大，产生变异油蚕。因此He-Ne激光对野桑蚕具有遗传诱变效应，诱变出长茧丝、细纤度特殊经济性状的个体，在育种上有实用意义。     

壮蚕期不同的给桑量对蚕茧产量和质量的影响

本文利用不同的给桑量分别饲养四、五龄蚕,其结果表明:不同的龄期,给桑量对蚕茧的产量和质量的影响是不一致的.四龄期是影响和决定质量的主要时期,五龄是高产的最重要的环节.     

家蚕品种资源茧丝性状的调查报告

对２０９个家蚕保育品种的茧丝长进行调查，平均丝长８４０ｍ，最长１２７３ｍ，最短３４４ｍ。各类品种中以中系二化品种最长，日系二化次之，多化最短。解舒率的调查结果是，平均值７９．４％，最高１００．Ｏ％，最低４１．５％，９０．０％以上的品种３１个。解舒率多化品种和日本系统品种较好，中系和欧系品种较差。平均解舒丝长６６３ｍ，最长１０４３ｍ，最短２７４ｍ。调查２１８个品种的净度，平均９３．９分，最高９９．２分，最低７６．７分，９８分以上的品种１８个，多化品种净度最好，二化品种次之，一化品种最差。调查了２００个品种的茧丝量，平均０．２３３克，最高０．３５４克，最低０．０７１克。以日系一化品种最高，二化品种次之，多化品种最低。     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递