新城疫病毒地方株分离鉴定及部分生物学特性研究

从某养鸡场发病率为90％、病死率为80％的鸡群中分离到一株病毒。通过血凝(HA)试验、血凝抑制 (H1)试验、鸡胚中和试验及回归试验初步鉴定为鸡新城疫病毒。继而进行了鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)、最小致 死量致死鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)、1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数(ICPI)测定等生物学特性研究和对不同动物红 细胞的凝集试验,证明该分离株属新城疫强毒力毒株,命名为YL株。     

H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒A/goose/Guangdong/1/96株反向基因操作系统的建立

 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96（GSGD/1/96）是中国分离的第1株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒，它不仅是97香港感染并致人死亡的H5N1亚型流感病毒HA基因供体株，而且是中国目前已报到的H5亚型流感病毒分离株的共同祖先。本研究建立了该病毒的8质粒反向基因操作系统，并通过细胞转染成功拯救了该病毒（R-GSGD/1/96）。R-GSGD/1/96在对SPF鸡和 Balb/c小鼠的致病性方面保持了与亲本野毒(W-GSGD/1/96)一致的生物学特性，即对鸡都是高致病性毒株，R-GSGD/1/96与W-GSGD/1/96的静脉致病指数分别为2.01和2.10；救获病毒与野生病毒一样，尽管106EID50经鼻腔感染小鼠后1～2 d内能从肺脏检测到低滴度的病毒，但不能在小鼠体内成功复制。GSGD/1/96反向基因操作系统的成功建立为进一步开展中国高致病性禽流感病毒分离株的生物学特性、遗传衍化及结构与其功能关系研究奠定了基础。     

东北山地灌丛鸟类多样性

对东北地区的松江、天岗和左家自然保护区内山地灌丛鸟类多样性的研究结果表明,3块样地中共有鸟类17种,其中,松江13种,天岗10种,左家11种,共有种7种。鸟种的多样性(2．1743-2．4135)、均匀度(0．9306- 0．944 3)、捕食多样性(4．3079-5．6692)、叶子高度多样性(0．5803-0．673 8)都基本相似。外貌覆盖度多样性左家最高;外貌覆盖度维数天岗最高(3．356 5)。     

Social-ethical issues concerning the control strategy of animal diseases in the European Union: A survey

In 2004 a survey was conducted in the member states of the European Union designed to gain greater insight into the views on control strategies for foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever, and avian influenza with respect to the epidemiological, economic and social-ethical consequences of each of these animal diseases. This article presents the results of the social-ethical survey. A selection of stakeholders from each member state was asked to prioritize issues for the prevention and control of these diseases. A majority of stakeholders chose preventive measures as the preferred issue. An analysis was done to determine whether there were differences in views expressed by stakeholders from member states with a history of recent epidemics and ones without such a history, and whether there were regional differences. There were no differences between member states with or without a history of recent epidemics. There were indeed regional differences between the priority orders from Northern and Southern Europe on the one hand, and from Eastern Europe on the other. Nina E. Cohen is a biologist and is a researcher at the Wageningen University. She is specialized in societal and ethical issues in human–animal relationships. Her current research is focused on the social-ethical issues concerning the prevention and control of foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and avian influenza. Marcel A.P.M. van Asseldonk has studied animal science. Currently he works at the Institute for Risk Management in Agriculture (IRMA) of the Wageningen University. He is specialized in the design and pricing of insurance policies and animal health funds for the main livestock epidemics. Elsbeth N. Stassen is a veterinarian and professor of Animals and Society at the Wageningen University. Elsbeth Stassen is specialized in animal health, animal welfare and human–animal relationships. She was a member of a governmental welfare committee during the avian influenza epidemic in the Netherlands in 2003.     

Studies on Immunological Effect and Immunological Mechanism Avian Encephalomyelitis Oil Emulsion Inactivated Vaccine

Oil emulsion inactivated vaccine was prepared by susceptible embryos, with different strains of AEV. Four groups of normal chickens of 2 - 7 days of age were given injections for immunization, respectively. Another group was used as control. This study was expected to evaluate the immunological effect and discuss the immunological mechanism by means of five different experiments, i.e. the agar-gel precipitin test,the isolation of lymphokine, the isolation, purification and analysis of blood serum IgG, embryo-susceptibility test, and clinical and pathological examination. The results of these experiments indicated that oil emulsion inactivated vaccine is safe and effective. The chickens were normal when inoculated with AE strong virus after immunity at 4 and 37 weeks. Immunological mechanism is that the humoral immunity played an important role and celluar immunity exists, but it is not important in the process of the resistance to AEV.     

在DNA芯片平台上探测AIV不同亚型 cDNA

 对以基因芯片技术为基础的检测H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒的快速诊断技术进行了研究。试验中所使用的病毒为A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96（H5N1）、A/African starling/983/79（H7N1）和 A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1/66（H9N2）。通过RT-PCR获得大约500 bp的禽流感病毒基因cDNAs片段，克隆，从重组质粒扩增DNA片段，并点到玻璃载体上，制成芯片。在病毒RNA反转录过程中，用Cy5标记样品 cDNAs。样品 cDNAs是一个包括禽流感病毒HA和M基因的混合物。依据M基因鉴别型，依据HA基因鉴别亚型。扫描芯片上探针结合位点，杂交信号与预期设想基本一致。结果显示，DNA芯片技术可以提供一种有效的AIV诊断方法。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的鸭致病性研究

 【目的】为了验证H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对鸭是否具有致病作用。【方法】对2003年某地方养鹅场发病鹅群分离的一株H5N1亚型流感病毒A/Goose/HLJ/QFY/2003的生物学特性和致病性进行研究。【结果】动物实验表明该病毒对不仅对鸡具有高致病性（IVPI=3），而且对鸭也具有高致病性。雏鸭人工感染该病毒后临床表现典型的神经症状，剖检可见脑膜点状出血，肝脾肿大并见有坏死灶，肺脏严重充血、出血，消化道粘膜弥散性出血。病理组织学检查发现全身各脏器以出血、充血、细胞变性坏死和炎性细胞浸润为主要特征，并表现为不同程度的损伤。感染鸭死亡集中在感染后的4～6 d，致死率75%。雏鸭在病毒感染后2～4d的气管、泄殖腔及全身各主要器官均可分离到病毒。虽然攻毒后14 d耐过鸭血清中可检测到1∶16的HI抗体；但是此时胰腺中仍然可分离到低水平的病毒。【结论】本研究继从野鸟分离到对鸭具有高致病性禽流感病毒之后，首次证实家禽中也存在对鸭具有高致病性的禽流感病毒流行。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒分离株理化特性的研究

[目的]探讨禽传染性支气管炎病毒河南分离株IBV-HN05对各种理化因素的敏感性。[方法]IBV-HN05经过热、酸碱、胰蛋白酶、乙醚、氯仿、甲醛等理化因素处理后接种10日龄非免疫鸡胚,以EID50或鸡胚矮化为判断指标,确定各种理化因素对IBV-HN05的敏感性。[结果]IBV-HN05在56℃温度条件下45 min可被灭活,耐酸碱,pH值2.5和10.5的环境能存活3 h,对浓度1%胰蛋白酶有一定的耐受性,浓度20%乙醚作用24 h能部分被灭活,浓度5%氯仿和浓度1%甲醛作用30 min即可灭活该病毒。[结论]IBV的理化特性因毒株的不同而异。     

H9N2亚型禽流感流行现状

低致病性禽流感主要是由H9N2亚型禽流感病毒所引起,近几年在世界上许多国家都暴发了H9N2亚型禽流感疫情.研究表明,H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在陆禽中至少可分为北美和欧亚两个种系,该病毒在自然环境中很容易发生变异,通过混合基因组分而形成不同的病毒亚型.H9N2亚型禽流感病毒已经能传播至哺乳动物,包括猪和人类,从而引发对其是...     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒SX-H09株膜蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

对鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)陕西分离株SX-H09株膜蛋白(M)基因进行克隆和序列分析.根据GenBank发表的IBV基因序列设计1对特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增IBV M基因片段,并进行克隆、序列测定和分析.结果表明,SX-H09株M基因全长为678 bp,编码225个氨基酸.同源性比较可知,SX-H09株M基因...