农约“农抗120”田间应用技术研究

研究了农药“农抗120”对枯萎病的作用方式,认为以浸种和灌根方法使药剂进入植物体,可显著降低枯萎病的发病率,并据此研究了防治瓜、菜枯萎病的关键技术.通过田间试验,提出了对果树腐烂病、作物叶部病害等不同类型病害的防治策略和技术.     

四种兽用抗生素的体外抑菌效果评价

本实验用试管药物稀释了四种兽用抗生素对猪常见病原菌和正常菌的最小抑菌浓度 （minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC） 和最小杀菌浓度 （minimal bactericidal concentration, MBC）。通过实验发现：各种菌对四种药物的敏感性存在很大的差异,大多数细菌对药物C和D较敏感而对药物A和B存在较严重的耐药。     

Synergistic antibiotic activity of volatile compounds from the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and thymol

Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is used in the folk medicine as topical antiseptic in skin and mucous membranes and its therapeutic effect is attributed to the thymol presence. The objective of this work was to verify the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of L. sidoides and its major component thymol. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The synergistic activity was evaluated using gaseous contact method. The essential oil was obtained (yield of 1.06%) and the GC/MS analysis identified the main constituents: thymol (84.9%) and p-cymene (5.33%). The antibiotic modifying activity was verified using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. It verified the interference of essential oil and thymol against all tested aminoglycosides. There were no statistical differences between the activity of the essential oil and thymol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating this to be the responsible composition for such activity. However, the oil was shown more effective when compared to the thymol against Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major component thymol influence the activity of aminoglycosides and may be used as adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.     

拮抗放线菌BS-112的鉴定及抗菌物质粗提物对家蚕主要病原菌的抑制作用

以绿僵菌(Nomuraea rileyi)和黑胸败血病菌(Bacillus sp.)为靶标,从泰山林地土壤中分离获得一株对多种家蚕病原菌具有强烈拮抗作用的放线菌BS-112。根据该菌株的形态特征、培养特征、理化性质、细胞壁组分及16S rDNA序列分析结果,将其鉴定为吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)。该菌株抗菌谱广,抗菌物质耐高温,在酸、碱环境比较稳定,抗菌物质粗提物对黑胸败血病菌和绿僵菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为19.53μg/mL和78.13μg/mL,最小杀菌浓度分别为78.13μg/mL和156.25μg/mL,表明在较低浓度下即可达到杀菌效果。     

枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis (Cohen))B-903菌株抗菌物质对植物病原真菌的抑制作用

作者从郑州苹果园中分离到枯草芽孢杆菌的一株强拮抗菌株。研究认为该菌株产生的抗菌物质对镰刀菌等12种病原真菌具有抑制作用,抑菌谱广。其抑菌机理主要是融解细胞壁,造成原生质泄漏,同时也使孢子和菌丝畸形。田间小区试验证明,以B-903培养滤液浸种可有效防治棉炭疽病等棉苗病害,并促进棉苗生长发育;果园喷雾防治苹果轮纹病和叶斑病的效果相当或优于化学药剂。     

农抗120应用技术中的几个问题

通过近5年的大量田间试验和20万公顷作物上的防治实践,作者认为农抗120对枯萎病的主要抑菌机理是通过植物体的吸收,在体内产生尚未知的生理生化过程,显著提高植物的抗病和免疫能力。因此,在农抗120应用中应贯彻防重于治的原则。作者对防治瓜、菜枯萎病提出了一套浸种,苗床处理,移栽浇穴,苗期灌根等技术措施,并对施药时机和用药量等因素与防治效果的关系做了详细讨论。文章对农抗120防治其它作物叶部病害及果树腐烂病试验、示范及技术要点也做了说明。还讨论了农抗120使用中应注意的事项。     

中西药合治猕猴奇异变形杆菌性腹泻的临床观察

本文观察中西药结合治疗猕猴奇异变形杆菌性腹泻的疗效。方法：将63例先后发病猴的诊治资料分为两组，后发病组41例，给予黄连素、藿香正气水等中成药，并配合敏感抗生素治疗；先发病组22例，当时只给抗生素治疗。结果：后发病组有效率85．4％，先发病组59．1％。两组疗效差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：中西药结合治疗疗效优于单纯抗生素治疗。     

硫酰氟——溴甲烷土壤消毒潜在的替代品

初步试验表明,硫酰氟25~50 g/m2对土壤真菌(Fusarium sp.)、线虫均有良好的杀灭效果,防治后番茄产量与使用溴甲烷50 g/m2相当。硫酰氟蒸汽压高,穿透性强,可杀死深土层中的线虫及病原菌。由于其在常温下是气体,即使在冬天使用,也不需要搭小拱棚或采用"热法"施药,因此比使用溴甲烷更为方便;使用时也不像威百亩那样需要专用的施药设备。因此,硫酰氟是溴甲烷土壤消毒很有前景的替代品。     

Occurrence and species level diagnostics of Campylobacter spp., enteric Helicobacter spp. and Anaerobiospirillum spp. in healthy and diarrheic dogs and cats

In order to study the occurrence and co-infection of different species of Campylobacter, enteric Helicobacter and Anaerobiospirillum in dogs and cats and define a possible association between these microrganisms and gastrointestinal disorders, 190 dogs and 84 cats, either healthy or with diarrhea, were sampled between 2002 and 2003. Thirty-three C. upsaliensis, 17 C. jejuni, 2 C. helveticus, 1 C. lari isolates from dogs and 14 C. helveticus, 7 C. jejuni, 6 C. upsaliensis isolates from cats were identified using species-specific PCR and phenotypic tests. Whole cell protein profile analysis, phenotypic tests, PCR-RFLP of gyrB and a phylogenetic study of partial groEL and 16S rRNA sequences were used to identify 37 H. bilis, 22 H. canis and 14 H. cinaedi in dogs and 12 H. canis, 5 H. bilis and 2 H. cinaedi in cats. Whole cell protein profile analysis, phenotypic tests and species-specific PCR of 16S rRNA were used to identify 14 A. succiniciproducens, 12 A. thomasii isolates and one unidentified Anaerobiospirillum sp. isolate in dogs and 3 A. thomasii isolates in cats. Fifty-two animals (19%) were positive for the isolation of more than one genus. No significant statistical correlation was found between any isolates of Campylobacter, Helicobacter or Anaerobiospirillum spp. or the various co-infection rates, and the presence of diarrhea in either dogs or cats. Campylobacter isolates were also tested for antibiotic resistance using the agar dilution method.