昆虫病原线虫共生菌对香蕉灰纹菌的影响研究

利用不同品系昆虫病原线虫的共生菌菌株对香蕉灰纹菌进行抑菌活性测定,得到一株抑菌效果良好的共生菌菌株0385D,抑菌圈平均半径为17.33 mm,并对高毒力菌株的抗逆性(包括不同温度、紫外照射)进行了初步探索,结果表明:共生菌菌株0385D在50℃下处理60 min和100℃10 min,其抑菌活性依旧很高;18W紫外线照射120 min对共生菌0385D的抑菌活性的影响不明显.     

用紫外分光光度法测定农抗120效价

以农抗120的主要组份A的不同浓度单位对其紫外吸收值作曲线,显示浓度与吸收值之间有显著回归关系。对4个厂家的农抗120产品进行分析,证明用紫外分光光度法测定与生测法的结果差异不显著。应用紫外分光光度法测定农抗120效价,速度快、灵敏度高、准确性好、操作简便。因此,紫外分光光度法可以应用于测定农抗120效价。     

农抗120防治西瓜枯萎病菌的室内药效实验

实验室内观察农抗120(500ppm)不能完全抑制西瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发,但萌发的菌丝出现变形现象(菌体原生质凝集,内含物清晰可见),直接抑病效果比双效灵(2000ppm)差(25℃培养7天抑菌半径差8毫米),但两者都能使西瓜枯萎病菌变形生长。农抗120(100ppm)对土壤中的西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制作用比双效灵(500ppm)强。其预防作用大于治疗作用。     

利用原生质体融合技术选育农抗120高产菌株及应用的研究

利用TF-120和KT-739菌株理化特性相似、抗性互补、届者生长速度快等特点,进行了原生质体的形成、再生及其融合的研究,从近千个融合子中选育出一株FR-220。经鉴定,确认FR-220为农抗120高产菌株。工厂中试结果,其发酵单位可以提高一倍,由6000～8000μg/ml增加到14000～17000lμg/ml,相当于生产成本降低一半。1988-1089年田间防治瓜果蔬菜上的白粉病、炭疽病、枮萎病,试验示范面积2000亩,防效达70～90％,增产20～25％,扩大推广20万亩。     

Probiotics as beneficial microbes in aquaculture: an update on their multiple modes of action: a review

Wide and discriminate use of antibiotics has resulted in serious biological and ecological concerns, especially the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Probiotics, known as beneficial microbes, are being proposed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics. They were first applied in aquaculture species more than three decades ago, but considerable attention had been given only in the early 2000s. Probiotics are defined as live or dead, or even a component of the microorganisms that act under different modes of action in conferring beneficial effects to the host or to its environment. Several probiotics have been characterized and applied in fish and a number of them are of host origin. Unlike some disease control alternatives being adapted and proposed in aquaculture where actions are unilateral, the immense potential of probiotics lies on their multiple mechanisms in conferring benefits to the host fish and the rearing environment. The staggering number of probiotics papers in aquaculture highlights the multitude of advantages from these microorganisms and conspicuously position them in the dynamic search for health-promoting alternatives for cultured fish. This paper provides an update on the use of probiotics in finfish aquaculture, particularly focusing on their modes of action. It explores the contemporary understanding of their spatial and nutritional competitiveness, inhibitory metabolites, environmental modification capability, immunomodulatory potential and stress-alleviating mechanism. This timely update affirms the importance of probiotics in fostering sustainable approaches in aquaculture and provides avenues in furthering its research and development.     

Genotypic identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection

BackgroundNumerous nosocomial infections including urinary tract infection (UTI) have been reported to be linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This bacterium is one of the most common pathogen colonized in the urinary tract. The main purpose of this study was to evaluated the presence of antibiotic resistance genes and also the most frequent genotype patterns of P. aeruginosa in the patients with UTI hospitalized in different wards of hospitals.Materials and methodsIn this study, 70 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated of urine samples from the patients with UTI were assessed. The isolated strains were genotyped using Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) method. We have also analyzed the presence of TEM and SHV resistant genes in the isolates.ResultsA total of 70 P. aeruginosa strains was isolated from the UTI patients. Based on MLVA method, 61 various genotypes of P. aeruginosa were identified which grouped into two main clusters and 4 sub-clusters. Moreover, approximately 80% and 70% of isolated strains carried the TEM and SHV resistance genes, respectively.ConclusionOur findings showed that the majority of patients hospitalized in different wards of hospitals have experienced the urinary tract infection caused by P. aeruginosa. According to the genotyping results, a high diversity of the P. aeruginosa population was observed in the patients with UTI. Our results can provide a better understanding of the P. aeruginosa genotype distribution and epidemiology of infection, which can be applied as basic data for future antibiotic therapies.     

几种抗生素对柑桔胚性愈伤组织,原生质体生长的影响

本文试验了４种抗生素对柑桔胚性愈伤组织，原生质体生长的影响，认为在柑桔的遗传转化中宜选用潮霉素磷酸转移酶（Ｈｐｔ）基因为选择标记基因，以潮霉素作为筛选剂，即使是使用新霉素磷酸转移酶基因作为选择标记基因，也不宜使用卡那霉素作为筛选剂，同时确定了柑桔遗传转化后的筛选时宜采用的抗生素浓度。     

mcr-1 encoding colistin resistance in CTX-M-1/CTX-M-15- producing Escherichia coli isolates of bovine and caprine origins in Tunisia. First report of CTX-M-15-ST394/D E. coli from goats

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) from raw bovine and caprine milk samples, as well as from bovine faeces in Tunisia. Therefore, 120 bovine faecal samples and 9 caprine raw milk samples were collected from 2 extensive dairy-cow-farms and 5 ovine farms, respectively. In addition, 94 raw bovine milk samples, from containers and holding tanks from 50 small public-markets in the North of Tunisia, were processed for the isolation of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (CTX^R). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc-diffusion/broth-microdilution methods. The presence of genes encoding ESBL, as well as those encoding colistin (mcr-1 to 5 genes)- sulfonamide-, tetracycline-, gentamicin-, quinolone and chloramphenicol-resistance and class 1 integrons were tested by PCR (and sequencing in some cases). ESBL-EC isolates were further characterized by phylogrouping and MLST/PFGE typing. Eight samples (3.6%) contained ESBL-EC isolates (3/2 from raw bovine/goat milk and 3 from cattle faeces) and one isolate/sample was characterized. Four ESBL-EC isolates, all of bovine origin (3 faeces/1 milk), were resistant to colistin (MIC: 8–16 μg/ml), harboured the mcr-1 gene and carried IncP- and IncFIB-type plasmids. The 8 ESBL-EC strains had the following characteristics: a) bovine faeces: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/D-ST1642 (3 strains); b) raw milk: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/A-ST10 (1 strain); CTX-M-15/B1-ST394 (3 strains), and CTX-M-15/A-ST46 (1 strain). Most of bovine ESBL-EC isolates were multidrug-resistant (4/5). Our results showed that ESBL-EC were detected in bovine and caprine samples (CTX-M-1/CTX-M-15 producers), being some of them colistin-resistant (associated with mcr-1 gene), and they belonged to international clonal lineages.     

Influences of antibiotics on plantlet regeneration via organogenesis in Ioblolly pine （Pinus taeda L.）

Three antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cefotaxime were evaluated for their effects on induction, growth, and differentiation of organogenic calli, as well as rooting of regenerated shoots of three Ioblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes. Of the antibiotics administered, cefotaxime maximally increased the frequency of callus formation and growth rate of organogeni ccalli, carbenicillin maximally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration and the average number of adventitious shoots per piece of organogenic callus, ampicUlin maximally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots and mean number of roots per regenerated shoot, in comparison with antibiotic-free media. Compared with the control, ampicillin minimally increased the frequency of callus formation, cefotaxime minimally increased the frequency of shoot regeneration, and carbenicillin minimally decreased the rooting frequency of regenerated shoots in three Ioblolly pine genotypes tested. All three antibiotics increased the frequencies of callus formation and shoot regeneration, and reduced the rooting frequency ot regenerated shoots suggested that the establishment of an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for stable integration of foreign genes into Ioblolly pine need to select a suitable antibiotic. This investigation could be useful for optimizing genetic transformation of conifers.