Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa

Computational prediction of potential microRNAs （miRNAs） and their target genes was performed to identify the miRNAs and genes associated with temperature response in rice. The data of temperature-responsive miRNAs of Arabidopsis, and miRNAs and the whole genome data of rice were used to predict potential miRNAs in Oryza sativa involved in temperature response. A total of 55 miRNAs were common in both the species, and 27 miRNAs were predicted at the first time in rice. Target genes were searched for these 27 miRNAs in rice genome following stringent criteria. Real time PCR based on expression analysis of nine miRNAs showed that majority of the miRNAs were down regulated under heat stress for rice cultivar Nagina 22. Furthermore, miR169, miR1884 and miR160 showed differential expression in root and shoot tissues of rice. Identification and expression studies of miRNAs during heat stress will advance the understanding of gene regulation under stress in rice.     

不同地域和寄主来源的核盘菌遗传多样性分析

菌核病是由核盘菌[Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]侵染寄主植株所引起。对核盘菌分离物进行遗传多样性和进化关系进行分析,可为抗菌核病育种及制定防控策略提供依据。本研究利用SSR分子标记对采自不同地区和寄主来源的32个核盘菌分离物进行遗传多样性分析,17对SSR引物共检测到69个多态性位点,平均每对引物检测到4.06个位点。其中,引物AF377908-1/AF377908-2和AF377922-1/AF377922-2的等位变异数目最多,高达8个,而引物AF377903-1/AF377903-2和 AF377925-1/AF377925-2的等位变异数目最少,为2个。17个SSR 引物的多态性信息量（PIC）的平均值为0.56,引物AF377922-1/AF377922-2的PIC最高,为0.78。聚类分析显示,32个核盘菌分离物可划分为5个组群,来自同一地区的大部分核盘菌分离物聚在相同或相近的组内,表明核盘菌群体内的SSR遗传背景基本一致,而群体间的遗传变异较大。     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

几种环境因子对微拟球藻营养物质积累的影响

为探究光强、光质、氮、磷四种环境因子对微拟球藻营养物质积累的影响,设计以下试验:光强试验设置光强梯度为20、80、140和200 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1;光质试验依照RGB原理,调节红、蓝、绿光比例分别为100%、50%、0%;氮浓度试验设置氮浓度梯度为55.40、13.85、3.46、1.73 mg·L^-1;磷浓度试验设置磷浓度梯度为8.96、2.24、0.56、0.28 mg·L^-1,统一初始接种密度并测定25 d时脂肪酸及色素组成、蛋白及可溶性糖浓度。结果显示,蛋白和可溶性糖浓度随着光强的增大而增大;200 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 光强下微拟球藻生长速率最快、生物量最高,且蛋白(5.17 mg·mL^-1)和可溶性糖(2.40 mg·mL^-1) 浓度最大;20 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1光强下叶绿素a比例最大。光质试验表明,红光对于微拟球藻可溶性糖积累和生长有一定促进作用,其余光质比例对其生长无显著影响,绿光有利于β-胡萝卜素积累,但纯绿光显著抑制蛋白合成。氮浓度为55.40 mg·L^-1时微拟球藻不饱和脂肪酸和二十碳五烯酸占比均达到最大,分别为68.23%和20.50%,且随着氮浓度降低,微拟球藻生长速率、蛋白及还原糖含量均显著降低。同样,随着磷浓度降低,微拟球藻生长速率和蛋白含量均显著下降,磷浓度为2.24 mg·L^-1时更适宜积累可溶性糖。本研究可为微拟球藻在不同环境因子下的营养优化培养提供理论支撑,具有一定的应用意义和经济价值。     

微咸水加肥灌溉下陶瓷灌水器与迷宫流道灌水器的抗堵塞性能

为探求微孔陶瓷灌水器与迷宫流道灌水器在不同水质灌溉条件下抗堵塞性能的差异及堵塞机理,本研究选择了微咸水(A1)、肥水(A2)、微咸水加肥(A3)3种不同水质,分析管间式微孔陶瓷灌水器和6种常用的迷宫流道灌水器在不同水质灌溉条件下的平均相对流量变化规律,并用X射线衍射仪测定堵塞物质组成成分,用场发射扫描电镜观测堵塞物质表面微观形貌及动态生长过程。结果表明：各灌水器的流量随着灌溉运行时间的推移均发生不同程度的下降,其中A1处理下陶瓷灌水器的流量下降最慢,表现出优于迷宫流道灌水器的抗堵塞性能,A2、A3处理下陶瓷灌水器的平均相对流量下降速度先慢后快,试验结束时平均相对流量降幅最大,抗堵塞性能较差;A1处理下堵塞物质的主要成分是CaCO3,A2、A3处理下堵塞物质的主要成分是(NH4)2SO4;A1处理下各灌水器堵塞物表面微观形貌的生长过程为晶体颗粒不断团聚,A2、A3处理下堵塞物的动态生长过程为絮状物不断黏合成板块状或膜状。陶瓷灌水器堵塞发生在内壁上,堵塞物未进入到灌水器内部微孔中,随着堵塞物质增多且变得紧密复杂逐渐覆盖了内壁上的孔隙导致堵塞;迷宫流道灌水器是由于堵塞物质在流道内沉积导致过水断面减小,从而造成堵塞。研究结果可为陶瓷灌水器的应用及改进提供参考。     

基于电导率和结构稳定性阳离子比的微咸水灌溉水质评估方法

电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）和结构稳定性阳离子比（Cation Ratio of Soil Structural Stability,CROSS）是评估微咸水对土壤渗透性能影响的重要指标。虽然CROSS全面地考虑了Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+对土壤结构稳定性的复杂影响,但CROSS的离子浓度系数在不同地区的适用性存在差异,有必要根据当地的水质条件确定基于EC和CROSS评估方法的分类标准。该研究旨在分析CROSS替代钠吸附比（Sodium Adsorption Ratio,SAR）评估水质危害的合理性以及其在河套灌区的适用性。在河套灌区不同区域采集73份地下水水样,并采用EC和SAR、EC和CROSS对其进行评估。结果表明,基于2种方法的地下水分类结果中,仅有34.25%的水样分类结果相同,并且不同的CROSS计算方法（基于阳离子相对絮凝能力（Flocculation）的CROSSf、相对分散能力（Dispersion）的CROSSd和优化的（Optimal）CROSSopt）在河套灌区的适用性也不相同。建议采用CROSSd或CROSSopt,并结合土壤盐分和离子浓度评估河套灌区地下水水质。该评估方法更全面地考虑了地下水和土壤中的离子组成对土壤渗透性能的影响,有效避免了不合理的微咸水利用导致的土壤结构恶化等问题,可为微咸水的安全可持续利用提供理论支撑。     

Effect of Using Magnetic Brackish Water on Irrigated Bell Pepper Crop （Capsicum annuum L.） Characteristics in Lower Jordan Valley/West Bank

Increasing salinity of the groundwater is one of major challenges faced by agricultural sector in West Bank/Palestine. This study was carried out in the Lower Jordan Valley （LJV） under greenhouse field condition, where an area of 0.12 ha was irrigated with 3.5 dS/m magnetic treated water during the growing season 2012/2013. The results of this pilot project show that there are significant increases in the yield of red and yellow bell pepper of about 20% and 18% on fresh weight basis, respectively. Water use efficiency increased by 15% and an increase in shelf time of 7 d were also recorded. The chlorophyll content raised significantly in the leaves of treated plants compared to the controlled one by 2.5 mg/g. Bell pepper irrigated with magnetic water produces 37% more four champers than that of the controlled one. On the other hand, there were no clear significant effects on the height of the plant, number of fruits, distance between nods, size of fruits, number and thickness of walls and sugar contents. Applying visible/near infrared （VIS/N｜R） spectroscopy test shows that it is possible to distinguish between treated and controlled bell pepper fruits. Multivariate data analysis （MVDA） method was used to test the classification of chemical elements in the fruit and it was found that treated and controlled fruit samples are divided into two groups according to their water treatment. An increase in all nutrient concentrations was found in fruits irrigated with magnetic treated water compared with the controlled one. Further testing is needed especially by involving other variables such as decreasing the volume of irrigated water and fertilizers.     

微喷灌技术在水蜜桃种植上的应用研究

当前,无锡市惠山区正大力发展现代高效农业,微喷灌技术的推广和应用是针对农业污水治理、水蜜桃种植增产增效的有效尝试。本研究试通过对水蜜桃微喷灌技术进行试验,以分析水蜜桃微喷灌技术的应用效果。研究表明,实施微喷灌技术后,每667m2可节约用水157t。微喷灌能明显提高水蜜桃的产量和质量,并且节省人力,具有较高的经济效益和社会价值。     

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对新疆伊犁河水质检测

[目的]研究新疆伊犁河水域的不同位点的水质污染程度。[方法]利用蚕豆根尖微核技术对新疆伊犁河水域的30个水样进行动态监测和评价。[结果]各样点MCN％砑,对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0．01）,30个水样点中有12个水样点无污染（P,值在0～1．5）;10个水样点轻度污染（P,值在1.5～2．0）;8个水样点中度以上污染（H值2．0以上）。[结论]新疆伊犁河水质受到不同程度的污染,部分区域中度以上污染,应及时加以治理。     

中药川贝对小鼠急性毒性和致突变性的研究

[目的]通过急性毒性试验和微核试验了解川贝水提取物对小鼠的急性毒性和致突变性.[方法]川贝急性毒性试验中采用最大给药量,记录小鼠给药1周内的生理反应及体征变化,然后通过剖检及血液学指标研究川贝的急性毒性.通过微核试验检测川贝水提取物对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的影响,了解川贝的致突变性.[结果]小鼠在最大给药量折合生药为90 000 mg/kg的剂量下没有明显异常反应,体重、血液指标与对照组无差异,剖检无内脏病变.微核试验结果呈阴性.[结论]川贝水提取物对小鼠无急性毒性及致突变性,可作为兽医临床用药安全使用.